1 The growing preference for indigenous craft items is a welcome trend in today’s globalised world, where mass-produced goods often dominate markets. These handcrafted products, rooted in the cultural and artistic traditions of their regions, offer more than just aesthetic appeal. They symbolise sustainability, support local economies, and preserve the heritage of diverse communities.
2 One of the primary reasons for choosing indigenous crafts is their eco-friendliness. Unlike factory-made products, most traditional crafts are created using natural, locally sourced materials. Artisans often employ time-tested methods that minimise waste and avoid harmful industrial processes. For example, pottery made from local clay, handwoven textiles using organic dyes, and bamboo-based crafts all have a much lower environmental footprint compared to their machine-made counterparts. By opting for these items, consumers indirectly contribute to reducing pollution and promoting sustainable practices.
3 Supporting indigenous crafts also strengthens local economies. Many artisans depend solely on their craft for livelihood, often working in small communities where opportunities for other forms of employment are limited. When people purchase their products, it provides a direct income to these artisans, empowering them and encouraging their craftsmanship. Initiatives like fair trade further ensure that artisans receive fair wages, fostering economic stability within their communities.
4 Moreover, indigenous craft items help preserve cultural heritage. Every handcrafted product carries a story—a glimpse into the traditions, beliefs, and skills passed down through generations. In India, whether it’s paintings, terracotta jewellery, sculptures, athangudi tiles, mud work frames or many others, each item reflects the unique identity of
its region. By choosing these crafts, people not only appreciate the artistry but also help keep these traditions alive in an era where cultural homogenisation threatens diversity.
5 In addition to their economic and cultural value, indigenous crafts add a personal touch to homes and wardrobes. Unlike mass-produced items, which often lack individuality, handcrafted products are unique. Each piece bears the imprint of the artisan’s effort, creativity, and dedication, making it special for the buyer.
6 However, the preference for indigenous crafts requires sustained efforts to thrive. Governments, organisations, and consumers all have roles to play. Policies that promote local craftsmanship, provide training to artisans, and create global platforms for showcasing their work can boost the visibility and demand for these products. Consumers, too, must actively seek out and invest in handmade crafts rather than opting for cheaper, factory-made alternatives. Choosing indigenous craft items is a meaningful step toward a more sustainable and culturally enriched world.
Created for academic usage / 403 words
Answer the following questions, based on the passage above.
I Why is the growing preference for indigenous craft items described as a ‘welcome trend’ in paragraph 1? 1
Ans. It is a welcome trend as it counters the dominance of mass-produced goods, supports sustainability, and helps preserve cultural and artistic traditions.
II According to paragraph 1, the indigenous craft items have all of the following qualities EXCEPT being: 1
A. handcrafted products
B. rooted in artistic traditions
C. aesthetic in appeal
D. easily accessible
Ans. D. easily accessible
III Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. The usage of locally sourced materials makes the indigenous crafts ________ (traditional / eco-friendly). (Paragraph 2) 1
Ans. eco-friendly
IV Select the option that is True from (a)-(c) given for what the phrase, ‘time-tested methods’ suggests in paragraph 2.
A. Artisans use traditional techniques that have been refined and proven effective over generations
B. Artisans use outdated practices that are no longer relevant in today’s commercial markets.
C. Artisans follow techniques that prioritise speed and mass production over craftsmanship. 1
Ans. A. Artisans use traditional techniques that have been refined and proven effective over generations
V Complete the analogy by selecting one of the two correct options (a), (b) 1
(a) employment: job security (b) mass production : reduced prices
Ans. (a) employment: job security
VI Why is supporting indigenous crafts considered an effective way to improve the economic conditions of small communities? (Paragraph 3) 2
Ans. As many artisans depend solely on their craft for livelihood since other forms of employment are limited, creating a positive cycle of growth within these communities. Further, when people purchase their products, it provides a direct income to these artisans.
VII What are the main ideas of paragraph 4 and paragraph 5?
i) Choosing indigenous crafts helps preserve cultural heritage
ii) Handcrafted products lack individuality.
iii) Indigenous crafts reflect the artisan’s creativity.
iv) Indigenous crafts promote uniformity by erasing regional differences in artistic traditions.
v) Cultural homogenisation encourages people to choose indigenous crafts over mass-produced goods.
Select the correct option.
Ans. C
VIII Why is it important for consumers to take an active role alongside government and organisations in sustaining indigenous crafts? (Paragraph 6) 2
Ans. It is important for consumers to take an active role as choosing indigenous craft items is a meaningful step toward a more sustainable and culturally enriched world. The efforts of the government and organisations may fail to translate into tangible benefits for artisans without the consumer’s active role.
2. Read the following passage. 10
1 A recent study conducted across two age groups—students aged 10–12 and 13–16—explored their preferences for ballpoint and micro-tip pens for various writing activities such as note-taking, examinations, and personal writing. The study aimed to understand trends in writing habits and the factors influencing pen selection among students.
2 The results revealed distinct patterns based on age groups and writing purposes. Among students aged 10–12, 65% preferred ballpoint pens for note-taking, citing ease of use and affordability as key factors. However, 35% opted for micro-tip pens, valuing their precision and smooth writing. For examinations, ballpoint pens were the overwhelming choice, with 78% favouring them for their speed and reliability, while 22% stuck with micro-tip pens, appreciating their fine control.
3 In the 13–16 age group, preferences shifted slightly. For note-taking, 60% favoured micro-tip pens, highlighting their ability to produce neat, legible notes, while 40% continued to use ballpoint pens. During examinations, however, 70% still relied on ballpoint pens, indicating their consistency under time constraints. When it came to personal writing, such as journalling or creative tasks, 58% in this group chose micro-tip pens, appreciating the aesthetic appeal of finer lines, while 42% stuck with ballpoint pens for their convenience.
4 These findings point to the importance of understanding age-specific preferences and task requirements, enabling manufacturers to innovate products. Manufacturers could further explore incorporating hybrid features, such as pens offering the speed of ballpoint pens with the precision of micro-tip pens, to cater to a wider range of student preferences.
Created for academic usage / 250 words
Answer the following questions, based on the passage above
I Why did the study most likely focus on the two specific age groups of 10–12 and 13–16? (Paragraph 1)
This is so because these age groups ____.
A. represent the largest population of growing students.
B. are when students develop and refine their writing habits.
C. were the easiest to survey across various schools.
D. have a natural preference for ballpoint pens.
Ans. B. are when students develop and refine their writing habits.
II Identify the phrase in paragraph 1 that conveys the writer’s reference to the patterns or preferences observed in how students use pens for various writing tasks. 1
Ans. trends in writing habits
III Complete the following by selecting the correct option from those given in the brackets. (Paragraph 2)
Geetha, aged 11, wishes to complete her practical file neatly, ensuring her work is legible and appealing. She is most likely to choose a micro-tip pen for this task because the ________ (speed / precision) offered by this type of pen helps produce tidy work. 1
Ans. Precision
IV What does the writer mean by ‘affordability’ while citing the high percentage of ball point pen usage? (Paragraph 2) 1
Ans. The writer means to say that students can easily buy ball point pens as they are cost-effective and budget friendly.
V Complete the following with the correct option.
When the writer says ‘distinct patterns’ in the line ‘The results revealed distinct patterns based on age groups and writing purposes,’ of paragraph 3, s/he means that _______.
A. students in both age groups use pens in the same way for all the listed purposes.
B. the preferences for pens varied according to the students’ age and the type of writing task.
C. only micro-tip pens were popular across all writing tasks in the 13-16 age group.
D. students of all age groups preferred ballpoint pens for completing creative writing tasks.
Ans. B. the preferences for pens varied according to the students’ age and the type of writing task.
VI Complete the following appropriately.
The one likely reason why more than 40% of students still chose ballpoint pens for creative tasks, even though micro-tip pens are better suited for such activities is __________________. (Paragraph 3) 1
Ans. They are cost effective, budget friendly and reliable.
VII How are ‘aesthetic appeal’ and ‘finer lines’ connected? (Paragraph 3) 1
Ans. Aesthetic appeal and finer lines are connected as fine lines create beautiful writings and diagrams which are pleasing to the eye.
VIII Elaborate how hybrid features in pens would lead to a commercially viable product.
(Paragraph 4) 2
Ans. When reliability and affordability of ball point pen is combined with the precision of micro-tip pens it would create a commercially viable product. As such a pen would meet the needs of students for a vast number of tasks across different age groups it would be beneficial for the students and be commercially profitable for manufacturers due to a huge demand for such pens.
IX Fill in the blank with ONE suitable word. (Paragraph 4)
Understanding age-specific preferences helps manufacturers design products that cater to the unique needs of different age groups, ensuring their products are both ________ as well as appealing.
Ans. useful
SECTION B: WRITING SKILLS & GRAMMAR (20 marks)
GRAMMAR
10
3.Complete any ten of twelve of the following tasks, as directed.
I Fill in the blank by using the correct form of the word in the bracket for the given portion of a market research:
The special subscriptions of newspapers are well _____(illustrate), to make reading interesting for school students. 1
Ans. illustrated
II Identify the error and write the correction in the given sentence from a life skills’ book.
The road to success is not the bed of roses.
Use the given format.
Error
Correction
Ans.
Error
Correction
the
a
III Fill in the blank with the correct form of verb given in the brackets.
I’m so happy to see my plants again! They _____ (grow) so much since I last saw them. 1
Ans. have grown
IV Read the given statement.
They said to the guide, “We’d love to come here again next year.”
Report it correctly by completing the following.
They told the guide that _____. 1
Ans. …they would love to go there again the following year.
V Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option to complete the conclusion of a letter of placing order.
There would be no compromise _________the quality of items supplied. 1
A. regards
B. regard
C. regardless
D. regarding
Ans. D. regarding
VI Report the following by completing the sentence correctly.
“Don’t try mending the trousers yourself,” she warned him.
She warned him _____.
Ans. not to try mending the trousers by himself
VII Complete the given opinion by filling the blank with correct option.
The experience of watching the movie left me _____ grateful for knowing the importance of being empathetic to others. 1
A. having felt
B. feeling
C. felt
D. feels
Ans. feeling
VIII The given question has an error. Select the option that correctly identifies the error and the correction.
Which kind of person does something like that?
Ans. A. Error- Which, Correction – what
IX Report the following question.
She said to her sister, “Are you joining us for lunch today?” 1
Ans. She asked her sister whether she was joining them for lunch that day.
X Fill in the blank with the correct option from those given in the brackets.
Everyone is saying that Farhana’s chances are bright in the upcoming tournament and she ______ (must / may) become the youngest football player ever. 1
Ans. may
XI Fill in the blank to complete the sentence in a teacher’s diary by choosing the correct option.
_____ student in the class submitted their assignment on time. 1
A. All
B. One
C. Every
D. A
Ans . C. Every
XII Choose the correct option to fill the blank.
I looked inside the bucket and saw there was ______water in it, so they had to add more to use. A. little
B. any
C. few
D. least
Ans. A. little
WRITING
NOTE: All details presented in the questions in writing section are imaginary and created for assessment purpose.
4A
As Vaibhav, the Club in-charge of your school’s Ecology Club, you strongly believe in the importance of starting Eco-Clubs in schools in the rural areas surrounding your city to promote the preservation and conservation of nature. Write a letter to the Education Secretary of your city, in about 120 words, highlighting the significance of ecological awareness and suggesting the need to establish Eco-Clubs in these schools. 5
Ans.
ABC Public School
New Delhi
February 22, 20XX
To
The Education Secretary
New Delhi
Sub: Proposal to Start Eco-Clubs in Rural Schools
Sir/Madam
As you are aware, there has been an alarming rise in pollution in our city in the last few years. I, firmly believe that starting Eco Club’s in the rural schools of surrounding areas will greatly benefit in conservation of nature, and help in curbing urban pollution to some extent.
It is of vital importance to foster ecological awareness among students from an early age. Eco clubs in rural areas would help in addressing the pressing environmental issues like pollution, deforestation and loss of bio-diversity. With support from the Education Department and through collaboration with NGO’s the rural Eco Clubs will contribute substantially in creating future environmentally conscious citizens.
Students in rural schools can easily engage in practical environmental activities like tree plantation and protection of flora and fauna. I therefore request you to take the necessary initiative and help in building a clean and green future.
Yours sincerely
Vaibhav
Club in-charge, Ecology Club
ABC Public School
OR
4B As Amitha, the Vice Head Girl of Vidya Mandir, you are aware of the increasing prevalence of cyber-attacks and unauthorised exploitation of systems, networks, and technologies affecting individuals across all demographics. Write a letter to the editor of a national daily in about 120 words, stressing the urgent need to promote digital security among all age groups. Highlight the challenges posed by cyber threats and propose practical solutions to address this growing issue. 5
Vidya Mandir
New Delhi -04
February 22, 20XX
To
The Editor
Times of India
New Delhi – 02
Sub: Importance of Promoting digital security
Sir/ Madam,
Through the columns of your esteemed daily, I would like to draw the attention of the concerned authorities towards the urgent need to promote digital security among all age groups.
There has been an alarming rise in identity thefts, financial frauds and data breaches. Most of the victims of such cyber-crimes are vulnerable children, elderly, and untrained individuals. The ignorance about digital security makes them easy prey to phishing scams, malware and online predators.
Therefore, there is an urgent need for creating Digital Security Awareness across all age groups. Schools, workplaces, and community organisations can help in spreading awareness by educating people about safe online practices and digital hygiene through digital literacy programmes for all age groups. This can be done by organising workshops, webinars, and public awareness campaigns on topics like strong password creation, recognising scams, and safe browsing habits. The Government must also implement of stricter cybersecurity laws.
The prevention of cyber-crime is only possible through collaborative efforts between individuals, organisations and the government. I request you to use the platform of the national daily to raise awareness about digital security and thereby contribute towards creating a safe and secure society.
Yours sincerely
Asmita
(Vice Head Girl)
Vidya Mandir
5A You are the President of the Debate Society in your school. Two guest speakers
–Mr. Rajan Sharma and Ms. Meera Kapoor, have written to express their interest in participating in your upcoming debate competition. Below are excerpts from their letters.
Excerpt 1…I am thrilled to express my interest in participating as a guest speaker at your school’s debate competition. With over 10 years of experience as a public speaker and debate coach, I have guided numerous students to success in national-level competitions. My approach focuses on encouraging critical thinking and fostering a passion for debating. I have previously spoken at various schools and universities, often receiving positive feedback for my engaging sessions and practical insights. I believe my experience and knowledge can inspire and empower your students to excel in debating.Best regardsMr. Rajan Sharma
Excerpt 2:…It would be a privilege to participate as a guest speaker at your school’s upcoming debate competition. I have participated in international debate forums and have won accolades for my arguments on global and social issues. My strength lies in connecting with young audiences and making debates relevant to real-world scenarios. I also emphasise how debating can improve public speaking, confidence, and interpersonal skills. I look forward to sharing my journey and experiences with your students to inspire them to use debating as a tool for personal growth.Yours sincerelyMs. Meera Kapoor
Analyse the information in a paragraph, justifying which guest speaker would be a better choice. Consider factors such as experience, relevance to the topic, and audience engagement.
Ans.
Option 1
Based on the letters from Mr. Rajan Sharma and Ms. Meera Kapoor, Ms. Kapoor emerges as the better choice for the guest speaker at the school’s debate competition. While both candidates are experienced and skilled, Ms. Kapoor’s international accolades and ability to connect debating with real-world scenarios give her a distinct edge. Her focus on making debates relevant to global and social issues aligns well with the interests of high school students, offering them a broader perspective. Although Mr. Sharma has significant experience as a coach and speaker, his approach appears more focused on techniques rather than engaging students with relevant and inspiring real-world examples. Moreover, Ms. Kapoor’s emphasis on personal growth through debating resonates with the developmental needs of students. Her global exposure and relatability make her the ideal speaker to inspire and connect with the audience effectively.
Option 2:
Based on the letters from Mr. Rajan Sharma and Ms. Meera Kapoor, Mr. Rajan emerges as the better choice for the guest speaker at the school’s debate competition. With over 10 years of experience as a debate coach and public speaker, Mr. Sharma brings unmatched expertise in nurturing critical thinking and fostering a passion for debating among students. His track record of guiding students to success in national-level competitions demonstrates his ability to deliver practical insights and techniques that directly contribute to debate performance. While Ms. Kapoor’s global exposure and focus on real-world relevance are commendable, Mr. Sharma’s hands-on experience in coaching students and making them competition-ready seems more aligned with the goals of the Debate Society. Additionally, his experience with school and university-level events ensures that he understands the aspects of connecting with high school audiences.
OR
5B Jaspreet, class X, is known for her creativity, excellent communication skills, and ability to think outside the box. However, she sometimes struggles with time management and prefers collaborative efforts over working solo. She has been assigned an art-integrated project presentation and must choose a partner from Sunaina, Tabassum, and Alice. Below are the profiles of the three candidates.
Sunaina: Sunaina is highly disciplined and excels in meeting deadlines. She is known for her strong organisational skills and ability to handle multiple tasks efficiently. However, she is slightly reserved and prefers working in structured, predictable environments.
Tabassum: Tabassum is enthusiastic and spontaneous, with a talent for generating unique ideas. She is an excellent artist and thrives in creative settings. However, she occasionally struggles to stay focused on tasks and complete them on time.
Alice: Alice is confident and articulate, with a flair for delivering polished presentations. She is detail-oriented and ensures that the final product is of high quality. However, she sometimes prefers to take control and may overlook collaborative efforts.
Based on the features of each candidate, analyse and decide who would be the best partner for Jaspreet. Consider aspects such as complementary strengths, teamwork, and the project’s requirements. 5
Ans.
Option 1:
Sunaina emerges as the most appropriate partner for Jaspreet in the art-integrated project presentation as her qualities balance those of Jaspreet’s. Jaspreet’s creativity and communication skills make her an excellent presenter and idea generator, but her struggles with time management require a partner who can complement her weaknesses. Sunaina’s strong organisational skills and discipline ensure that tasks are completed on time and deadlines are met, which is crucial for the success of the project. Although Sunaina is slightly reserved, her preference for structure and predictability aligns well with Jaspreet’s collaborative working style, as Jaspreet can take the lead in brainstorming and presenting ideas while Sunaina ensures everything stays on track. While Tabassum is highly creative and spontaneous, her difficulty in staying focused may amplify Jaspreet’s challenges with time management, making her less suitable. Alice, on the other hand, excels in polished presentations, but her tendency to dominate and prioritise control may conflict with Jaspreet’s collaborative preferences.
Option 2:
Tabassum would be the best partner for Jaspreet in the art-integrated project presentation as her qualities balance those of Jaspreet’s. Jaspreet thrives on creativity and collaboration, and Tabassum’s enthusiastic and spontaneous personality would complement Jaspreet’s innovative thinking. As an excellent artist, Tabassum brings a unique skill set to the project, particularly in the visual and design aspects, which are crucial for an art-integrated presentation. Together, their combined creativity would result in an engaging and visually appealing final product. Although Tabassum occasionally struggles with focus and timely completion of tasks, this can be mitigated by Jaspreet’s strong communication skills and preference for teamwork, allowing them to motivate and support each other effectively. In contrast, Sunaina’s overly structured and predictable working style may stifle Jaspreet’s free-flowing creativity. Similarly, Alice’s tendency to take control might conflict with Jaspreet’s collaborative approach.
Option 3:
Alice would be the most suitable partner for Jaspreet in the art-integrated project presentation as her qualities balance those of Jaspreet’s. While Jaspreet excels in creativity and collaboration, her struggles with time management can be addressed by Alice’s confidence, detail-oriented approach, and ability to deliver polished presentations. Alice’s strength in ensuring a high-quality final product complements Jaspreet’s talent for generating unique ideas, creating a balance between creative input and execution. Her confidence in public speaking would enhance the presentation aspect of the project, allowing Jaspreet to focus on her creative contributions. Although Sunaina is highly disciplined, her reserved nature may limit the dynamic engagement needed for such a collaborative and artistic endeavour. Tabassum, while creative and spontaneous, might worsen Jaspreet’s challenges with time management.
SECTION C
LITERATURE TEXTBOOK (40 marks)
6 Read the given extracts A and B and answer ANY ONE of the two. 5
A. He just felt a bit dizzy Then he flapped his wings once and he soared upwards. “Ga, ga, ga, Ga, ga, ga, Gaw-col-ah,” his mother swooped past him, her wings making a loud noise. He answered her with another scream. Then his father flew over him screaming. He saw his two brothers and his sister flying around him curvetting and banking and soaring and diving. Then he completely forgot that he had not always been able to fly, and commended himself to dive and soar and curve, shrieking shrilly.
(Two Stories About Flying – First Flight)
I Contradict the view that the young seagull celebrated his maiden flight alone. 2
Ans. The young seagull did not celebrate his first flight alone as he was surrounded by his family. His parents guided him by flying past him and prompting when necessary, while his siblings encouraged him by flying around him. This made his first flight a shared experience.
II Which of the following statements best explains the young seagull’s experience as he starts flying? 1
a) The young seagull immediately mastered flying and was no longer afraid.
b) The young seagull gradually gained confidence and joined his family in the air.
Ans. b) The young seagull gradually gained confidence and joined his family in the air.
III What can be inferred about the young seagull’s emotional state after flying with his family? 1
Ans. Once he gained confidence, the young sea-gull forgot his fears and began to enjoy his accomplishment as he flew around with his family.
IV Read the following sound and movement words.
i) flapped
ii) shrieking
iii) swooped
iv) soared
v) screaming
Select the option that correctly categorises (i) –(v) into sound and movement words.
Ans. C . Sound ii, v : Movement I, iii, iv
OR
B. Historian: …You haven’t heard about the Martian invasion of 2040? Tsk, tsk. What do they teach children nowadays? Well, you know, the invasion never really happened, because a single book stopped it. What was the book, you ask? A noble encyclopaedia? A tome about rockets and missiles? A secret file from outer space? No, it was none of those. It was — but here, let me turn on the historiscope and show you what happened many centuries ago, in 2040. (She turns on projector, and points it left. Spotlight on Historian goes out…)
(The Book That saved the Earth)
I What does the pause indicated by the dash in the line ‘It was — but here, let me turn on the historiscope and show you’ convey?
a sense of impatience and frustration
a point of suspense and anticipation
a moment of confusion and hesitation
a sudden shift to lightheartedness
a reflective moment of deep thought
A. i, ii, v
B. Only ii
C. iii and iv
D. Only v
Ans. B. Only ii
II How do the stage directions, such as ‘Historian turns on projector’ and ‘Spotlight on Historian goes out,’ contribute to the atmosphere and understanding of the scene in this part of the play? 2
Ans. The stage directions like ‘Historian turns on the projector’ and ‘Spot on Historian goes out’ helps in shifting the focus of the audience. When the projector is turned on and the spotlight moves away from the audience, the attention of the audience shifts from the narration to visual storytelling. It helps in developing pace and adds dramatic elements to the play.
III Select the option that correctly completes the following.
The Historian dismisses the noble encyclopaedia and rockets because she wants to _____
a) convey the importance of scientific knowledge and military power in stopping the invasion.
b) stress the surprising and unexpected nature of the book that stopped the invasion. 1
Ans. b) stress the surprising and unexpected nature of the book that stopped the invasion.
IV What emotion is the Historian most likely conveying with the phrase ‘Tsk, tsk’? 1
Ans. Through ‘Tsk, tsk’ the speaker wants to convey that there is a surprise element attached to the book that saved the earth.
7 Read the given extracts A and B and answer ANY ONE of the two. 5
A. He is learning, well behind his desperate eyes,
The epistemology of loss, how to stand up
Knowing what every man must one day know
And most know many days, how to stand up.
(The Ball Poem)
I What emotions are most appropriately conveyed by the phrase ‘desperate eyes’ and ‘epistemology of loss’? 1
i) despair
ii) anger
iii) frustration
iv) confusion
v) helplessness
Select the correct option.
A. i, iii
B. i, iv, v
C. ii, iii, iv
D. iv, v
Ans. B. i, iv, v
II What does the phrase ‘how to stand up’ suggest about the boy’s emotional growth? 2
Ans. The phrase signifies the boy’s emotional growth. With the loss of the ball, he realizes that loss and grief are a part of life and he must learn to cope with the loss. He learns to accept the inevitability of loss.
III Which phrase from the extract conveys the poet’s idea that loss is universal? 1
Ans. The phrase ‘most know’ tell us that loss is universal.
IV Fill in the blank with a phrase to suitably complete the sentence.
The loss of his ball symbolises _______ in life.
Ans. the transient nature of material possessions
OR
B.
Or if some time when roaming round,
A noble wild beast greets you,
With black stripes on a yellow ground,
Just notice if he eats you.
This simple rule may help you learn
The Bengal Tiger to discern. (How to tell Wild Animals)
I What does the poet imply by referring to the Bengal Tiger as a ‘noble wild beast’?
A. The tiger is majestic and dignified despite its ferocity.
B. The tiger is kind and considerate toward humans.
C. The tiger has a royal lineage and should be revered.
D. The tiger is a symbol of fear and destruction.
Ans. A. The tiger is majestic and dignified despite its ferocity.
II Complete the following suitably.
The word ‘ground’ in the line ‘With black stripes on a yellow ground’ refers to_____. 1
Ans. The yellow fur coat of the tiger with black stripes on it.
III How does the poet use humour in the description of the Bengal Tiger? 2
Ans. The poet uses humour to introduce the fierce tiger in a funny manner. He exchanges the word royal with noble which makes the reader feel that the beast is a benign one. Then he subtly hints the ferocity of the tiger when he tells the reader to notice whether the reader is eaten by the noble beast. Thus, the playful tone and irony makes the wild beast seem to be an amusing one instead of being dangerous.
IV Identify the phrase in the poem that is advisory in nature. 1
Ans. This simple rule may help you learn
8 Answer ANY FOUR of the following five questions, in about 50 words each. 4×3=12
I Otters are known for their peculiar behavioural traits. Support this statement with reference to any two traits mentioned in ‘Mijbil the Otter.’ 3
Ans. Mijbil loved water and liked to investigate his surroundings. He found out the method to turn on the tap so that he can splash in the tub. He also displayed his amazing skill of juggling marbles while lying on his back which requires a lot of dexterity and co-ordination.
II How does the use of repetition in the poem ‘Amanda!’ highlight the speaker’s expectations and Amanda’s responses? 3
Ans. The repletion of ‘don’t…Amanda’ in the poem shows the pressure that the speaker constantly puts on Amanda and her lack of freedom and autonomy. The speaker constantly expects Amanda to live up to her expectations, overriding Amanda’s own decisions, likes and dislikes. The absence of repetition in Amanda’s imaginative escapes, highlight the fact that she wants to escape from the external control and longs for self-expression.
III How can Nelson Mandela’s vision of ‘liberating both the oppressed and the oppressor’ be applied in modern-day societies to address issues of inequality and discrimination? (Nelson Mandela – Long Walk to Freedom) 3
Ans. Mandela’s vision can be applied in today’s society to remove oppression, through dialogue and change of mindsets of both the oppressor and the oppressed. The oppressed must be taught to acquire their rights through peaceful dialogues, and the oppressor must be made to be aware that hatred and prejudice robs them of their peace and happiness just like the ones whom they exploit.
IV How does the line ‘and then moves on’ reflect the transient nature of the fog thereby contributing to the poem’s deeper message about life’s impermanence? (Fog) 3
Ans. The line symbolizes the transient nature of fog and moments in life. Just as the fog suddenly appears and then vanishes without any warning, similarly many experiences in life also arrive and leave suddenly leaving a lasting impression in mind. Such moments leave behind a sense of mystery and reflection.
V How does Chubukov’s reaction to Lomov’s marriage proposal reflect his priorities and values? (The Proposal) 3
Ans. Chubukov’s reaction to the proposal is that of joy and relief. His initial suspicion is instantly changed to that of exaggerated affection as he endearingly call Lomov ‘my dear fellow’. His joy is due to his love for social status and materialistic gain. He is happy because his daughter would be marrying a neighbouring landowner and not because of Lomov’s love for Natalya. This shows that he gives more value to economic security than genuine emotional connections.
9 Answer ANY TWO of the following three questions, in about 40-50 words. 2×3=6
I How does ‘The Necklace’ illustrate the significance of honesty as the key element for leading a happy and stress-free life? 3
Ans. The story reflects the idiom ‘honesty is the best policy’. Instead of disclosing the truth about the lost necklace, Matilda chose to secretly replace it with another. This single act of dishonesty led her to a decade long suffering, affecting the couple’s mental, physical and financial health. The golden years of Matilda’s life was spent in unnecessary hardship and poverty which could have been avoided if she had confessed about losing the necklace to her friend Madam Forestier. Thus, it is seen that while dishonesty can lead to unforeseen consequences , honesty enables a person to lead a stress-free life.
II Briefly evaluate the validity of the adage ‘Values are caught, not taught’, in the context of the relationship between Anil and Hari Singh in ‘The Thief’s Story’. 3
Ans. People learn from what a person practices not preaches. Anil’s forgiving nature, kindness and concern created a bond in the mind of the thief which he could not break. Anil forgave him for lying, cooking badly, for keeping some money when he bought the supplies. Instead of rebuking him, Anil started to teach him how to read and write to improve his future prospects. All these taught the thief about integrity, trust and honesty and forced him to abandon a life of deception and theft.
III Griffin’s experiences moments of comfort and normalcy while being invisible. How do these fleeting moments impact his sense of identity and his actions throughout ‘Footprints Without Feet’? 3
Ans. Griffin finds solace in being invisible. He is able to find food and warmth, but they are short lived. He remains stressed and acts violently as he feels disconnected from the rest of the society. He steals for survival, disguises himself and isolates himself from the society. The sense of detachment takes a toll on his emotional health and as he loses his sense of identity, he becomes increasingly violent.
10 Answer ANY ONE of the following two questions, in about 100-120 words 1 x 6
A. How does literature like ‘The Baker from Goa,’ ‘Coorg,’ and ‘Tea from Assam’ contribute to promoting tourism and raising awareness about regional cultures and traditions? 6
Ans.The three stories in ’Glimpses of India’ portray the historical, cultural, and natural attractions of these regions.
‘The Baker from Goa’ informs readers about the Goan tradition of baking and its part in social culture. By showcasing the local customs through childhood memories, the story invites visitors to experience Goa’s rich heritage, culinary delights and idyllic charm.
‘Coorg’ informs readers about the beautiful landscape and distinct cultural history. Learning about Coorgi people’s martial traditions, hospitality and connection to nature makes readers want to visit the place.
‘Tea from Assam’ is about the picturesque landscapes and unique culture of Assam. It highlights the importance of tea in Assam’s history, enticing readers to explore the serene tea estates.
The amazing descriptions of these regions, encourage the readers to explore the places which make the stories an effective tool for promoting tourism.
OR
B. The poems, ‘The Trees’ and ‘A Tiger in the Zoo’ resonate the theme of importance of freedom and the desire to break free from any kind of dominance. Examine. 6
Ans. The desire for freedom is not restricted to humans. The abovementioned poems resonate the desire of the trees and the tiger to break free from their confinement. While the trees break free from the interiors by disengaging their roots from the cracks in the veranda, the tiger paces restlessly in his cell yearning to go back to the forest.
The trees symbolize growth and freedom, while the tiger symbolizes the raw power of nature and wilderness which is put under restriction by humans. The movement of the trees towards the forest represent the need for freedom for natural growth and renewal. Whereas, the confinement of the tiger is a symbol of human oppression of nature. Nature in the hands of humans feels stifled, and its desires to return to its natural state remains unfulfilled.
11 Answer ANY ONE of the following two questions, in about 100-120 words. 1 x 6
A. How does the author use the narrative technique of misdirection in ‘The Midnight Visitor’, to enhance the suspense and the story’s unexpected ending? 6
Ans. The author misdirects both the reader about the existence of a balcony through the fabricated story created by Ausable. Ausable is presented as a clumsy, shy spy who appears to be unsuitable for his profession. However, Ausable confidently tells a story about previous intrusions through the balcony. The believable scenario deceives not only Max but the readers too, who like Max believes in the elaborate explanation about how the balcony is connected with another part of the building.
Ausable builds up the tension with the tale about the police which leads Max to step into the non-existent balcony in a desperate attempt to escape. His surprising fall to death brings about an unexpected twist to the story’s conclusion. Thus, through the brilliant story telling capabilities, and cool presence of Ausable, the author misleads the readers to give the story a memorable ending.
OR
B. Comment critically on the role of the Surgery in the ‘The Triumph of Surgery’. 6
Ans. The surgery plays a vital role in Tricky’s recovery. When Dr James Herriot realises that Mrs. Pumphrey’s overindulgence was causing critical health issues for Tricky, he decides to take him to the surgery for recovery. Trick’s recovery does not take much care, except allowing him to lead a normal life. When Tricky recovers from his bout of over-eating he goes out to play with the other dogs and receives the required exercise. He also gets the required amount of healthy food along with the other dogs which helps him to recover fast.
The surgery represents responsible pet care which includes moderation, discipline and balanced diet. Through the example of Tricky’s recovery at the surgery, the writer points out the importance of discipline and proper care for the healthy life of loved ones instead of overindulgence and excessive pampering which nearly cost Tricky’s life.
Robert Frost (1874-1963) is a highly acclaimed American poet of the twentieth century. Robert Frost wrote about characters, people and landscapes. His poems are concerned with human tragedies and fears, his reaction to the complexities of life and his ultimate acceptance of his burdens. Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening, Birches, Mending walls are a few of his well-known poems. In the poem A Roadside Stand, Frost presents the lives of poor deprived people with pitiless clarity and with the deepest sympathy and humanity.
Synopsis
The poem deals with the lives of the deprived sections of the society. The poem also brings to focus the unequal nature of progress between the cities and the villages. It reflects the feelings of distress and unhappiness among the rural poor.
In this poem, the poet describes the feelings of roadside stand owners who seem to wait endlessly for those passing by in their shiny cars to stop and buy something from them. The stand owners want the city people to buy the locally produced fruits and vegetables, or even stop and rest in the beautiful mountain-scape. They long for the feel of the hard currency, which is a symbol of poverty elevation in their deprived lives. It appears to be a vain hope as those who stop are reproachful of their stand, which to them is a blot and mars the beauty of the landscape. They also stop to complain about the sign-boards which warn about the turns and curves on the mountainous road and look like N’s and S’s written in a wrong manner.
The poet is outraged at the callous attitude of the government. Civic authorities, industrialists and social service agencies, which appear to help them but in reality end up harming them. The news says that these poor people are to be re-located to the vicinity of the towns near the theatre and the shops. It seems that their land was being taken away. They are promised enough facilities in return they would be looked after well and will have nothing to worry about. However, the sense of security will be short-lived. Although the villagers are promised complete rest and good sleep at night, in reality they will loose their right to make decisions, to find solutions to their problems and will ultimately become pawns in the hands of the so- called do-gooders. The people in power, whose only aim is to grab the land of the villagers, will be the ones who will enjoy their sleep during the day and forget the promises made to the poor. Thus, all the benefits promised to the poor were well calculated by the rich to fill their coffers and deprive the poor.
The road-side stand owners had put up their shop with the intention of bringing about an improvement in their standard of living. They to want to live the life shown in the movies which is also promised by the political parties, but never kept. The poet is filled with sadness to see their child-like longing for a better life. He calls it so because their dream is like the desire of a child who wants to achieve something beyond its capacity. The wait of these poor shop-keepers is futile as no car stops to buy things from them. The polished cars with selfish people do not empathize with the shack owners and therefore can never contribute towards their development. The insensitive and unthinking car-owners stop only to ask for directions or to trun their car, and sometimes to ask if they can provide some fuel which they don’t sell. It speaks of the lack of connection between the villagers and the city people.
The poet becomes sad at the thought that the rural poor have never been able to experience the satisfaction that comes from contentment. He feels that it would be easy and a great relief to stop the pain of the villagers in one stroke. But the next day he comes to his senses and asks the reader whether they would assist him in getting rid of the painful life he was living since it is not possible to remove the painful life that the rural poor were forced to endure.
Explanation
The little old house was out with a little new shed
In front at the edge of the road where the traffic sped,
A roadside stand that too pathetically pled,
It would not be fair to say for a dole of bread,
But for some of the money, the cash, whose flow supports
The flower of cities from sinking and withering faint.
A new shed was built outside a little old house by the road. A large number of vehicles sped past the stand in front of the shed which the owner had put up to sell his produce. The stall which looked pathetic was made not to get a bit of bread but to earn some money. That very same money that helps the cities to bloom, will help the stall owner to remove his poverty and prevent the decline of his business.
The polished traffic passed with a mind ahead,
Or if ever aside a moment, then out of sorts
At having the landscape marred with the artless paint
Of signs that with N turned wrong and S turned wrong
Offered for sale wild berries in wooden quarts,
Or crook-necked golden squash with silver warts,
Or beauty rest in a beautiful mountain scene,
You have the money, but if you want to be mean,
Why keep your money (this crossly) and go along.
The owner of the stall sees traffic speeding ahead all the time with focus on reaching their destination. However, if they have some moment they would stop only to complain how the badly painted signs spoils the beauty of the beautiful mountain scenery. The signs warning the travelers of sharp curves ahead look like N and S written in a wrong manner seem to ruin the exquisite beauty. The owner has displayed his local produce of wild berries and golden squash in wooden containers and there is the mountain beauty which can be admired. But the city dwellers have no interests in such things and therefore the owner angrily says that the miserly city people can keep their money and go their way.
The hurt to the scenery wouldn’t be my complaint
So much as the trusting sorrow of what is unsaid:
Here far from the city we make our roadside stand
And ask for some city money to feel in hand
To try if it will not make our being expand,
And give us the life of the moving-pictures’ promise
That the party in power is said to be keeping from us.
The stall owner says that the destruction of beauty due to development would not be something that he would complain about. But there is something unspoken that hurts the local folks even more. It is the breach of trust by people in power. The rural folk put up their stands by the roadside with the hope of selling their produce and earning some money from the city people. They want to enrich their lives with the money from the city people and live a comfortable life as shown in the movies. There are people who say that the government and the powerful people prevent them from achieving financial independence and a comfortable life.
It is in the news that all these pitiful kin
Are to be bought out and mercifully gathered in
To live in villages, next to the theatre and the store,
Where they won’t have to think for themselves anymore,
While greedy good-doers, beneficent beasts of prey,
Swarm over their lives enforcing benefits
That are calculated to soothe them out of their wits,
And by teaching them how to sleep they sleep all day,
Destroy their sleeping at night the ancient way.
There is a news floating that the land would be taken over by the government and the local folk with their kith and kin would be relocated to the village where they would have amenities like grocery stores and movie theaters. They would be able to live happy lives without having to worry about anything. The poet sarcastically calls the superficial good-doers as benevolent preying animals as they would cunningly rob the poor of their land by selling them false dreams. They would appear to be kind but would exploit the vulnerability of the poor farmers for their own gains. These land-grabbers impose unwanted benefits only to rob them of their identity and independence. The temporary benefits are given to dull their senses and give them a false sense of security. They tell the farmers that they can sleep peacefully as their needs would be taken care of. However, in reality it is these people who sleep on their promises after robbing the farmers of their traditional way of life which let them to sleep peacefully at night.
Sometimes I feel myself I can hardly bear
The thought of so much childish longing in vain,
The sadness that lurks near the open window there,
That waits all day in almost open prayer
For the squeal of brakes, the sound of a stopping car,
Of all the thousand selfish cars that pass,
Just one to inquire what a farmer’s prices are.
And one did stop, but only to plow up grass
In using the yard to back and turn around;
And another to ask the way to where it was bound;
And another to ask could they sell it a gallon of gas
They couldn’t (this crossly); they had none, didn’t it see?
The poet feels pained at the plight of the helpless stand owners. These people open the window of the shed every morning with a childish desire to earn some money. But as the day advances their hope turns to sadness as they sit by the window with their local products. They seem to be praying openly for customers, but the cars with their selfish occupants rush through the road without bothering to stop for enquiring about the prices of the fruits and vegetables that the farmers were selling. One car stopped only to turn the car and left tyer marks on the uprooted grass. Another driver stopped to ask about direction and yet another to enquire if they sold fuel. The poet gets annoyed at this as it is obvious that these poor people far away from the city would not be able to purchase something expensive as fuel.
No, in country money, the country scale of gain,
The requisite lift of spirit has never been found,
Or so the voice of the country seems to complain,
I can’t help owning the great relief it would be
To put these people at one stroke out of their pain.
And then next day as I come back into the sane,
I wonder how I should like you to come to me
And offer to put me gently out of my pain.
The poet laments that the earnings in the rural areas were in line with the development of the people there. Their meager earnings were not sufficient for bringing in joy and spiritual upliftment of the folk. The country folk seems to complain about the lack of progress despite advancement and prosperity in big cities. The poet feels deep empathy for the sufferings of the country folk and starts contemplating that probably it would be better to finish their suffering for once and for all through a drastic step. However, when he comes to his senses he realizes how insensitive his remark was when he wanted to end the suffering of the poor in a detached unemotional manner. The last line is a self-rebuke when he asks the reader how it would be if they came to him and offered to finish him and his suffering in a gentle manner. He realizes that that wishing to remove their suffering through a drastic step was an insensitive remark, and that true development can only take place through systematic changes and genuine help.
Glossary
Pathetically: In a way that arouses pity, especially by displaying sadness
Dole of Bread: charity or alms
Marred: Spoilt
quarts : bottles or containers
squash : a kind of vegetable (gourd)
Warts: A small growth on the outer surface
Crossly: annoyingly
Kin: one’s relations
Beneficent: generous, benevolent
Beasts of Prey: an animal that kills other animals for food
In vain: without success
Lurk: lie in wait for ambush
Plow : turn up
Requisite: required
Sane: (here) coming back to senses
Literary Devices
Transferred epithet- ( When an adjective is used to describe a noun but it actually refers to another noun)
i) Polished traffic – the cars are polished not the entire traffic
ii) Selfish cars – the people inside the cars are selfish
Personification – (Giving characteristics of humans to animals or inanimate objects)
1) A roadside stand that too pathetically pled
Metaphor– (Indirect comparison)
Trusting Sorrow – sadness arising out of misplaced trust
The flower of cities – the prosperity of cities
Irony – use of word to mean something else
And by teaching them how to sleep they sleep all day – the authorities sleep on their promises after giving assurance of a worry free life
Oxymoron – use of opposites for emphasis
Greedy good-doers
beneficent beasts of prey.
Alliteration– (repetition of same sound in proximity)
Dame Susan Elizabeth Hill (born-5th February, 1942) is a British author who is famous for her ghost and mystery stories. She was born in Scarborough, North Yorkshire, U.K. and was educated in Scarborough Convent School and Kings College , London. She wrote her first novel ‘The Enclosure’ at nineteen while studying at Kings College. She is known for her contribution towards English fiction and non-fiction. Her famous works include The Woman in Black, The Small Hand, The Mist in the Mirror, I’m the king of the castle among others. While the ghost story ‘The Woman in Black’ brought her immense fame and was made into a play and a film, she received the Somerset Maugham Award in 1971 for – I’m the King of the castle. Hill’s understanding of human nature, haunting imagination and powerful storytelling has made her an important figure among the contemporary authors.
Theme
The story revolves around the theme of deceptiveness of appearance and importance of positive thinking and self-acceptance. The story highlights how the society judge people through their physical appearance and ignore the inner abilities and emotions. The pain caused by physical impairment is much less than the pain inflicted by the society which leads to a sense of alienation and seclusion. It also includes the sub-theme of impact of human connections. While negative comments made by people in the society shattered Derry’s confidence and pushed him towards isolation, Mr. Lamb’s empathetic conversation bridged their difference and healed his emotional wounds.
Message
The play gives a strong message that the emotional scars caused by the society is more damaging than physical disabilities. The society treats differently abled people or people who have been disfigured due to acid attacks with prejudice, fear and ignorance rather than common sense. People with disabilities are either given special treatment with loads of pity or they are treated with disdain. However, it does more damage than good as like every human being a differently abled person wants to be treated normally and live a life of dignity and respect. It also encourages people with special needs to build on their strength and become successful as success comes through hard-work and dedication and does not depend on physical appearances.
Summary
The story revolves around the interaction between a teenaged boy Derry and a lonely retired army-man named Mr. Lamb. While Derry is self-conscious due to his face which got scarred due to an acid accident, Mr. Lamb has a prosthetic leg made of tin and is unable to move freely.
The one-act play begins when Derry wanders into Mr. Lamb’s garden seeking an escape from the cruel judgements of the society. His sudden encounter with Mr. Lamb makes him uncomfortable but Mr. Lamb engages him in a conversation which makes him feel at ease. Their conversation slowly unfolds into a meaningful exchange of thoughts about life, and self-acceptance. Through their interactions Derry learns that it is okay to have imperfections and everyone has the right to live a dignified and happy life despite all shortcomings.
Mr. Lambs positive outlook towards life makes Derry reflect upon his own negative outlook towards life. Mr. Lamb encourages him to look beyond the superficial and seek happiness in small things in nature, like the sound of bees, beauty of nature and pleasure of companies. This makes Derry realise that he must look beyond physical imperfections and stop letting other people’s opinions define his abilities.
Derry wants to return back to Mr. Lamb after taking his mother’s permission. But when he returns, he finds that Mr. lamb had died after falling from a ladder while picking crab apples. The play ends in a poignant note reminding readers about the transient nature of life and the immense impact that human kindness can leave on the minds of people.
Character sketch
Derry
Derry one of the two central characters in the story is a fourteen-year-old boy with a scared face and a blind eye. His face was disfigured in an acid accident when he was a little child. He is treated with pity or abhorrence by the people in the society. Even his mother is overprotective and treats him like a victim of circumstances. All this unnatural behaviour has made him withdraw himself from company and lead a life of seclusion. He knows that people either feared him or pitied him because of his face. He prefers to avoid company and is angrily defiant when he does interact with others. He wants to escape from the society and isolate himself. He climbs over the wall to alienate himself although the gate is always open. He presumes that Mr. Lamb would treat him in a harsh manner and is surprised when he welcomes Derry. He is drawn towards Mr. Lamb because he treats Derry normally and infuses positivity in him which helps him to understand that it was possible to live a happy and successful life despite damaged superficial appearances. His interaction with Mr. Lamb proves to be a changing point in his life as he runs away from the suffocating atmosphere that his mother created at home and returns to positivity he experienced in Mr. Lamb’s garden.
Mr. Lamb
Mr. Lamb is an old veteran of World War II, who has lost one of his legs to a bomb explosion. He has a tin leg and is called ‘Lamey Lamb’ by children. Despite his physical disfigurement he possesses a positive attitude and has learnt to accept life as it is. He is openminded and warm hearted as is evident from his keeping the gate open and welcoming Derry to his garden. Mr. Lamb has learnt to lead a life of satisfaction by finding happiness in his natural surroundings. He is a keen observer and detects sounds and changes in nature that an ordinary human would not be able to perceive. He is lonely and yearns for company. He loves to talk with others and influence people with his wisdom. He changes Derry’s negative mindset and makes his realise that external influences were not the real obstacles in the road to success and happiness. Happiness could be found in simple things in life and physical disfigurement cannot stop one from achieving greatness as it depends on the work one did.
Derry’s Mother
Derry’s mother is a caring woman who is overprotective of her son as she thinks that she needs to shield her son from the harsh society. In her endeavour to do so she has ended up in isolating him from the society and created a sense of inferiority in him. Derry finds her dehumanizing pity hard to digest. She treats him as a victim and is sympathetic towards him. However, the abnormal treatment resulted in boosting the negative emotions in her son. She does not encourage Derry to build up on his strength which makes him develop a sense of hopelessness and he leads a secluded live by creating an invisible wall around him. She discourages him when he asks her for permission to meet Mr. Lamb as she had heard discouraging remarks about him. She tells Derry that she forgave him for what he said as it was normal for him to be angry; implying that it was okay for him to be angry because of his disfigurement. Derry found this attitude of hers suffocating as she only focused on his negative physical aspect instead of treating him like a normal human being. Mr. Lamb is the only person who treats Derry like a normal person and shows him the path towards a happy life. This makes Derry defiant and he returns to Mr. Lamb as he thinks that Mr. Lamb is the only person who could help him succeed in life.
Spend about 30-40 minitues on the reading section.
How to go about the reading section.
Read the last paragraph first to know what the text is about.
Next read the questions and underline the key-words
Glance through the passage and underline any keywords that you had seen in the questions
Then read the question and find relating information in the passage based on keywords or paraphrased keyword.
In case of confusion in MCQs use elimination strategy
For 1-mark questions give 1 reason and 2 reasons for 2-mark answers
1. Read the following passages. 12
Ours was the marsh country, down by the river, within twenty miles of the sea. My first most vivid and broad impression of the identity of things seems to me to have been gained on a memorable raw afternoon towards evening. The low leaden line beyond was the river; and that the distant savage lair from which the wind was rushing was the sea; and that the small bundle of shivers growing afraid of it all and beginning to cry, was Pip.
“Hold your noise!” cried a terrible voice, as a man started up from among the graves at the side of the bushes. “Keep still, or I’ll make you pay!”
A fearful man, all in coarse grey, with a great iron on his leg. A man with no hat, and with broken shoes, and with an old rag tied round his head. A man who had been soaked in water, and smothered in mud, limped, and shivered, and glared, and growled; and whose teeth chattered in his head as he seized me.
“Tell us your name!” said the man. “Quick! Give it mouth!”
“Pip. Pip, sir.”
“Show us where you live,” said the man. “Point out the place!”
The man, after looking at me for a moment, emptied my pockets. There was nothing in them but a piece of bread which he ate ravenously.
“Now lookee here!” said the man. “Where’s your mother?”
“There, sir!” said I.
He started, made a short run, and stopped and looked over his shoulder.
“Oh!” said he, coming back. Who’s that?” he asked, pointing.
“My sister, sir, —Mrs. Joe Gargery, —wife of Joe Gargery, the blacksmith, sir.”
“Blacksmith, eh?” said he. And looked down at his leg.
After darkly looking at his leg, he came close to me, took me by both arms, and tilted me back as far as he could hold me; so that his eyes looked most powerfully down into mine, and mine looked most helplessly up into his.
“Now lookee here,” he said, “You know what a file and wittles is?”
“Yes, sir.”
After each question he tilted me over a little more, so as to give me a greater sense of helplessness and danger.
“You get me a file.” He tilted me again. “And wittles.” He tilted me again. “You bring ’em both to me.”
I was dreadfully frightened, and so giddy that I clung to him with both hands, and said, “If you would kindly please to let me keep upright, sir, perhaps I shouldn’t be sick, and perhaps I could attend more.”
He did. Then, he held me by the arms, in an upright position, and went on with his terms.
Source: Great Expectations by Charles Dickens / 448 words
Answer the following questions, based on the passage above.
I Which textual evidence tells us that Pip was trembling? 1
Ans. ‘…the small bundle of shivers growing afraid of it all…’
II Complete the following with a suitable reason.
The writer refers to the sea as a ‘savage lair’ in order to tell the reader that ____. 1
Ans. … the sea is a wild, untamed, and menacing force which contribute to the ominous atmosphere of the scene, amplifying the sense of danger that Pip feels.
III The writer emphasises Pip’s vulnerability in all of the following ways EXCEPT —
A. through the description of the harsh landscape
B. via the behaviour of the frightening man
C. through Pip’s helplessness and fear
D. via Pip’s knowledge of the surrounding area 1
Ans. D. via Pip’s knowledge of the surrounding area
IV What type of statement is made in the phrase “Keep still, or I’ll make you pay!”?
A. caution
B. threat
C. prediction
D. announcement 1
Ans. B. threat
V Based on his initial appearance, how can we say that the ‘fearful man’ was in a state of discomfort? (Any one reason) 1
Ans. The man was shivering being soaked in water and was limping which shows his physical discomfort.
VI. Which one of the following statements best explains the phrase “Give it mouth!”? 1
A) Speak loudly
B) Open your mouth wide
C) Answer the question
Ans. C) Answer the question
VII. The man ate the bread ‘ravenously’. What does this suggest about his condition? 1
Ans. It suggests that he had not eaten for a long time and was extremely hungry.
VIII What does the man’s question, “Where’s your mother?” and his reaction when Pip points to her suggest about his intentions? (Answer in about 40 words) 2
Ans. The question tells us that the man wanted to extract information about Pip’s family. He is cautious and looks over his shoulder to make sure there was no one around him. He intends to ensure that he could proceed with his plan without any interference.
IX How does the man’s action of forcing Pip to look up at him contribute to the tension in the scene? (Answer in about 40 words) 2
Ans. The man tilts Pipbackwards and forces him to look at him. He performs this action in order to intimidate Pip and make him feel defenseless. It also portrays the power dynamics between the young lad and the strong dangerous man; displaying Pips vulnerability and creating a tense fearful atmosphere.
X Complete the following with the most suitable option. 1
The main idea of the text is ______.
A. Pip’s encounter with a frightening man who demands information
B. the harshness of Pip’s environment and the fear it creates
C. Pip’s struggle to understand the man’s intentions and stay calm
D. the importance of family relationships in Pip’s life
Ans. A. Pip’s encounter with a frightening man who demands information.
2. Read the following carefully. 10
1 A recent survey was conducted among 2,000 college students and young professionals to analyse preferences for different types of jobs, including corporate roles, personal start-ups or family businesses, and service professions (example – defense, nursing, police). The study aimed to identify trends in career aspirations, the factors influencing these preferences, and their implications for workforce planning and education systems. Participants were asked to rank their preferences on a five-point scale.
2 The study covered respondents across urban and semi-urban areas, representing diverse educational, economic, and cultural backgrounds. Researchers ensured diversity in gender, socio-economic status, and career stages to make the findings representative of a broad spectrum of opinions. Data collection involved online questionnaires and in-person interviews, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of job preferences. The data was displayed as a bar graph given below.
3 Corporate jobs were commonly associated with financial stability, growth opportunities, and access to structured career paths. Start-ups and family businesses, on the other hand, appealed to those valuing autonomy, creativity, and the chance to work in more flexible environments. Service professions were perceived as fulfilling and prestigious, especially among individuals motivated by a sense of duty.
4 The survey also highlighted several challenges. Geographic variations were significant, with urban respondents gravitating more toward corporate roles, while semi-urban participants showed a stronger inclination for service professions and family businesses. Respondents indicated limited mentorship opportunities and a lack of clarity about the long-term prospects of non-corporate careers as barriers influencing their decisions.
5 The findings provide a foundation for further research into how cultural, regional, and generational influences shape career choices. Future studies could explore factors such as gender-based preferences, emerging industries, mentorship availability, and the role of technological advancements in shaping job markets. Additionally, longitudinal research could track how these preferences evolve as respondents advance in their careers. This could help educational institutions and employers develop tailored strategies to better align with the aspirations and values of young job seekers. Moreover, policies encouraging skill development and mentorship programmes may bridge the gaps identified in this survey, ensuring more informed career decisions among youth.
Created for academic usage / 348 words
Answer the following questions, based on the given passage. 10
I. What was the main purpose of the survey conducted among 2,000 college students and young professionals? 1
A. To determine the popularity of specific jobs in rural areas versus urban areas
B. To explore patterns in career aspirations and the factors influencing them
C. To analyse the success rate of startups and family businesses
D. To assess the salary expectations of young professionals opting for jobs
Ans. B. To explore patterns in career aspirations and the factors influencing them
II. Fill in the blank with the correct option from those given in brackets.
The study ensured diversity in gender, socio-economic status, and career stages to
make the findings ________ (accurate / representative / specific). 1
Ans. representative
III. Fill in the blank with reference to the given bar graph chart.
The profession preference for which policymakers primarily need to provide encouraging incentives is ________. 1
Ans. start-ups and family businesses
For the Visually Impaired Candidates
Complete the following suitably.
When the researcher uses the phrase ‘a broad spectrum of opinions’ in the line ‘to make the findings representative of a broad spectrum of opinions’, the researcherrefers to ___________. (Ref: Paragraph 2)
Ans. Capturing diverse perspectives from individuals of varying genders, socio-economic statuses, educational backgrounds, and career stages.
IV. Based on the bar graph, which of the following statements best reflects the correct trend in job preferences?
A. Corporate jobs are more in the ‘Least preferred’ category than service professions.
B. Service professions are less preferred than corporate jobs on the ‘Neutral’ scale.
C. Service professions have a higher percentage of respondents marking them as ‘Highly Preferred’ compared to corporate jobs.
D. Corporate jobs and service professions have an equal percentage of respondents marking them as ‘Preferred.’ 1
Ans. C) Service professions have a higher percentage of respondents marking them as ‘Highly Preferred’ compared to corporate jobs.
For the Visually Impaired Candidates
Why does the researcher associate start-ups and family businesses with individuals who value autonomy? (Ref: Paragraph 3)
A. They allow individuals to independently make decisions and innovate.
B. They guarantee long-term financial security and growth.
C. They require minimal risk-taking and provide fixed schedules.
D. They are managed by corporate guidelines ensuring stability.
Ans. A. They allow individuals to independently make decisions and innovate.
V. Riya wishes to have a regular salary and defined growth in her career. Why is a corporate job better suited for her compared to joining a start-up or family business?(Ref: Paragraphs 3 & 4) 2
Ans. A corporate job is better suited for Riya because it provides financial stability through a steady salary and offers structured career paths with clear opportunities for growth. Start-ups, on the other hand, often involve higher risks, irregular income, and less defined progression, which may not align with her preference for stability and predictability.
VI. When the researcher says ‘Respondents indicated limited mentorship opportunities,’ what does s/he mean by ‘limited mentorship opportunities ’? (Ref: Paragraph 4) 1
A. Lack of financial resources to hire mentors for jobs
B. Absence of training programmes in semi-urban areas
C. Reluctance of respondents to seek career advice from unknown people
D. Difficulty in finding experienced professionals to guide career paths
Ans. D) Difficulty in finding experienced professionals to guide career paths
VII. How might further studies in the understanding of emerging industries and technological advancements empower youth to make well-informed career decisions? (Ref: Paragraph 5) 2
Ans. Further studies on emerging industries would give insights into new and evolving career opportunities and help the youth to make choices according to market demands. Research on technological advancements could provide inputs about facilities like virtual training platforms, remote work technologies and AI-driven career guidance which would make career resources easily accessible.
VIII Select the option that is NOT addressed in this study. 1
A. The purpose of the survey
B. The impact of gender on career preferences
C. Regional and demographic variations in preferences
D. Challenges faced by respondents
E. The methodology used for data collection
Ans. b) The impact of gender on career preferences
SECTION B
CREATIVE WRITING SKILLS (18 marks)
All the names and addresses used in the questions are fictitious. Resemblance, if any, is purely coincidental.
3. Attempt any one of the two, (A) or (B), in about 50 words 1×4=4
A. You are Daljeet Kaur, a member of the Teen Well-Being Association, Chandigarh. The Association is planning to organise free pottery classes every Sunday morning at the community hall to encourage creativity among young residents. Write a notice in about 50 words, informing the residents of the event and inviting registrations. Include all the necessary details. Put your notice in a box.
OR
B. You are Keerthi, the Secretary of the Environmental Club of ABC School, Madurai. Your school is organising an ‘Eco-Fiesta’ to raise awareness about environmental issues. Draft a notice in about 50 words, inviting students to participate in various activities and setting up of food stalls. Include all the necessary details. Put your notice in a box.
4. Attempt any one of the two, (A) or (B), in about 50 words. 1×4=4
A. As the Cultural Secretary, Vignesh Kumar, of JKL School, Jamshedpur, draft an invitation for the Annual Music Festival, inviting Gajendra Hansda, an acclaimed local musician, to perform and judge the event. Provide the essential details in about 50 words.
Ans.
OR
B. You are Bina Bedekar, currently residing at 45, Ashok Vihar, Nagpur. You have been invited to inaugurate a science exhibition at your alma mater, National Public School, Mumbai. Write a formal reply in about 50 words, accepting the invitation and expressing your gratitude.
Ans.
.
5. Attempt any one of the two, (A) or (B), in 120-150 words 1×5=5
A. You are Pranab Chauhan, residing at 13-A, Gol Bazaar, Jaisalmer. Write a letter to the editor of The Nation Today, highlighting the need to assess sports talent at a young age by sports teachers and coaches to ensure that talent does not go unrecognised. Emphasise the importance of grooming young sportspersons to create a larger pool of talented athletes for the future. Draft the letter using your own ideas as well as the cues given.
Spotting natural abilities during formative years.
Building foundational skills early for long-term success.
Instilling discipline, teamwork, and sportsmanship from a young age.
Creating a larger pool of skilled athletes for the future.
Building a strong sports culture and national pride.
Ans.
13-A, Gol Bazaar
Jaisalmer
10th February, 20XX
To the editor
The Nation Today
New Delhi -07
Sub: Regarding creation of sports talent pool
Sir/Madam
Through the columns of your esteemed daily, I would like to draw attention towards the necessity to assess and nurture sports talents in their early years. In order to have a large pool of sports talent, it is vital to train young potential athletes and help them perform at their optimum levels.
In spotting young talents, coaches and sports teachers play an important role. They should identify young talent and build foundational skills from an early age. The current focus on academics often overshadow the potential of budding sports persons and prevent them from achieving their true potential.
To nurture talent, it is important to build discipline, teach teamwork and the spirit of sportsmanship among youngsters. Correct grooming and mentorship can greatly enhance their skills and help building a pool of sports men and women who can make the nation proud at international events.
Sports authorities should prioritize the issue and support such talent in their formative years to develop a strong sports culture and enhance national pride.
Yours sincerely
Pranab Chauhan
OR
B. You are Lakshmi Kapur from 51/A, second floor, Shalimar Vihar, Delhi. You have come across the following advertisement in The Urban Echo for the post of a Junior Marketing Executive at a leading marketing firm. Write a letter expressing your interest in the position.
Include your bio-data along with the application. 1×5=5
Ans.
6. Attempt any one of the two, (A) or (B), in 120-150 words
A. Digital communication tools have revolutionised the educational landscape. The introduction of online learning platforms, virtual classrooms, and interactive tools has made education more accessible and engaging. You are Nooran Sheikh. Write an article for the monthly magazine edition of The Progressive Educator and discuss the role of digital communication in education. Write the article using your own ideas as well as the cues given.
Student engagement
Accessibility of education
Teachers and students’ roles
Learning outcomes
Ans.
Digitalization of Education
by Nooran Sheikh
The recent era has seen a revolutionary transformation in education with the implementation of digital communication in the academic sector. The change in the education after the Covid era has been colossal. Despite the hurdles faced while shifting to online education during the Covid, the outcome has proved to be a boon.
Schools had implemented the use of smartboards to facilitate learning with technology in the pre covid era, but in the recent times e-learning has become the norm. There are numerous benefits of digital education. Student engagement is more as students understand better with interactive modules. Apps like Duolingo, EdX, Kahoot are popular free learning platforms which has made e-learning accessible to millions across the globe.
Today teachers have become facilitators of learning and can teach across the globe through online platforms. The use of technology has contributed immensely in preparing skilled workforce for the future.
OR
B. The cultural festival in LMN School, Kochi, was held recently to celebrate the school’s achievements. As the senior editorial board member, Devaki Fernandes, write this report for the school magazine detailing various aspects of the festival. Write the report using your own ideas as well as the cues given.
Organisation and significance
Performances and exhibition
Participant engagement
Overall success.
CULTURAL FESTIVAL IN LMN SCHOOL
by Devaki Fernandes (Senior editorial board member)
Motivation works wonders! LMN School, Kochi celebrated the school’s achievements in through a cultural festival on 12th December, 20XX. The occasion was graced by Mr. XYZ,(Education Minister) as the Chief Guest.
The theme of the ceremony was ‘Impetus’. After inauguration, the chief guest proceeded to the auditorium for witnessing a spectacular dance drama performed by the students. Thereafter, the chief guest gave away medals and certificates to the achievers of the academic year 20XX- ‘XX. It was a red-letter day for the winners as it gave them confidence to excel in their own fields, while it inspired others to perform better.
The principal Mr. A. Bhat, gave credit to the teachers, students and parents, whose hard work resulted in success. The event was well organized and was significant in boosting the morale of the students. There was contentment and joy in each and every face during the ceremony.
SECTION C
LITERATURE (40 marks)
7. Read the following extracts and solve ANY ONE of the given two, (A) or (B).
1×6=6
A … I saw my mother,
beside me,
doze, open mouthed, her face
ashen like that
of a corpse and realised with
pain
that she was as old as she
looked but soon
put that thought away, and
looked out at Young Trees sprinting, the merry children spilling
out of their homes…
(My Mother at Sixty-six)
I. What does the imagery of the ‘ashen face’ of the mother suggest about her physical condition? 1
Ans. The phrase ‘ashen face’ gives us the image of a frail aged woman who is pale and tired.
II. Complete the following with the correct option.
The speaker’s use of the word ‘realised’ suggests that her awareness was _______
(delayed / expected / sudden). 1
Ans. Sudden.
III. How does the phrase ‘merry children spilling out of their homes’ contribute to the tone of the passage? 1
Ans. The image of joyful children full of vitality helps in creating a contrast to the somber atmosphere inside the car where the poet is sitting with her frail, aged mother.
IV. Complete the sentence by filling in the blank with a suitable phrase.
The primary theme highlighted in the extract is the _______ , as the narrator reflects on her mother’s frailty and aging. 1
Ans. inevitability of death.
V. What can be inferred about the emotional state of the speaker in the extract? 1
a) Distracted by the liveliness of the surroundings
b) Concerned about her mother’s discomfort
c) Overwhelmed by a sense of anguish
d) Preoccupied with thoughts about life experiences
Ans. c) Overwhelmed by a sense of anguish
VI. All of the following are true for the extract EXCEPT – 1
a) The comparison to a ‘corpse’ highlights the speaker’s fear of losing her mother.
b) The poet makes exclusive use of melancholic imagery in the given lines.
c) The speaker’s internal conflict creates a relatable portrayal of human relationships.
d) The universality of themes makes the lines relevant to the readers.
Ans. b) The poet makes exclusive use of melancholic imagery in the given lines.
(reason – the poet also uses vibrant imagery in the poem)
OR
B When Aunt is dead, her terrified hands will lie
Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by.
The tigers in the panel that she made
Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid (Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers)
I What does the phrase ‘terrified hands’ suggest about Aunt’s life? 1
II Complete the following suitably.
The tigers’ proud and playful movements reflect ______. 1
Ans. freedom and bravery which aunt Jennifer yearned for, while she led a life filled with oppression and fear.
III Examine briefly how the tigers in the panel contrast with Aunt’s life experiences. 1
Ans. The tigers in the panel are bold, fearless, and free, symbolising strength, courage, and confidence. In contrast, Aunt’s life is marked by fear, struggle, and oppression, which prevents her from living with the same power and freedom that her tigers represent.
IV. Fill in the blank with the correct option from those given in the brackets. 1
The phrase ‘still ringed’ refers to both the literal ______ (shape of the embroidery panel / wedding band on her finger) and the figurative ‘ring’ of constraints and ordeals imposed by her marriage.
Ans. wedding band on her finger
V. If a student were to interpret the word ‘prancing’ in a real-world context, which of the following would it best represent? 1
a) An employee working under the pressure of deadlines.
b) A soldier standing firm and ready for battle at the frontier.
c) A child playing freely in a park, unburdened by responsibilities.
d) A bird trapped in a cage, longing to be free and fly high.
Ans. c) A child playing freely in a park, unburdened by responsibilities.
VI. What does the poet imply about the art in the line ‘The tigers in the panel that she made will go on prancing’?
a) Art is a timeless expression that outlives its creator, continuing to embody their spirit and desires.
b) The tigers symbolise Aunt Jennifer’s fleeting empowerment, which will fade over time.
c) The panel is a temporary escape for Aunt Jennifer, offering solace only during her lifetime.
d) The permanence of the tigers in the panel contrasts with the transient nature of Aunt Jennifer’s struggles. 1
Ans. a) Art is a timeless expression that outlives its creator, continuing to embody their spirit and desires.
8. Read the following extracts and solve ANY ONE of the given two, (A) or (B). 4×1=4
A. My three hundred dollars bought less than two hundred in old-style bills, but I didn’t care; eggs were thirteen cents a dozen in 1894. But I’ve never again found the corridor that leads to the third level at Grand Central Station, although I’ve tried often enough. Louisa was pretty worried when I told her all this, and didn’t want me to look for the third level any more, and after a while I stopped; I went back to my stamps. But now we’re both looking, every weekend… (The Third Level)
I. What does Charley’s indifference to the cost of old-style bills and his focus on the price of eggs in 1894 suggest about his view of the past? 1
Ans. Charley’s indifference to the cost of old-style bills and his focus on the price of eggs in 1894 suggest, that he prefers the simple and affordable life in of the past, and yearns for that carefree life at any cost.
II. Complete the sentence suitably.
Charley has been unsuccessful in finding the corridor to the third level despite ____. 1
Ans. His efforts every weekend to find it.
III. Where is the irony in Louisa’s reaction to Charley’s search for the third level in this extract? 1
Ans. Louisa initially thought that the third level was a figment of Charley’s imagination and it was an outcome of inability to deal with life’s reality. Ironically she changes her stand and joins Charle in his search for the third level which shows that she too was eager to escape from reality.
IV. Complete the following with a correct option based on the context in the extract. 1
The phrase ‘I went back to my stamps’ suggests _____.
a) finding comfort in a hobby that is familiar
b) choosing a new hobby to forget earlier pursuits
c) attempting to engage together in a new hobby
d) approaching a familiar hobby with enthusiasm
Ans. a) finding comfort in a hobby that is familiar
OR
B. Derry: What they think.
Mr Lamb: What do they think, then?
Derry: You think…. ‘Here’s a boy.’ You look at me…and then you see my face and you think.
‘That’s bad. That’s a terrible thing. That’s the ugliest thing I ever saw.’ You think, ‘Poor boy.’ But I’m not. Not poor. Underneath, you are afraid. Anybody would be. I am. When I look in the mirror, and see it, I’m afraid of me.
Mr Lamb: No, Not the whole of you. Not of you.
Derry: Yes!
[Pause] (On the Face of It)
I. What does Mr. Lamb mean when he says, “No. Not the whole of you. Not of you”? 1
Ans. Through this phrase Mr. Lamb means that there is more to Derry’s personality than the superficial facial scar. Deep down there is an entirely different person.
II. What might Derry be thinking during the pause after he insists, “Yes!”? 1
Choose the most appropriate option:
A. “Why doesn’t he understand me?”
B. “He’s pretending to care like everyone else.”
C. “Maybe he really sees more than just my face.”
D. “I should leave. He doesn’t get it.”
Ans. C. “Maybe he really sees more than just my face.”
(reason – Derry is reconsidering his belief that no one sees beyond his scarred face).
III. Fill in the blank with a suitable word:
Mr. Lamb’s response suggests that he sees Derry’s face as only one ______ of who he is. 1
Ans. of the aspects
IV. What does this exchange reveal about the emotional distance Derry feels and Mr. Lamb’s attempt to bridge it? 1
Ans. Derry’s experiences have taught him that people judge him by his scarred face because of which he isolated himself. Mr. Lamb tries to make him understand that his superficial appearance is not everything and tries to connect with him at a deeper level.
9. Read the following extracts and solve ANY ONE of the given two, (A) or (B). 1×6=6
A. She said this in such a friendly manner that the rattrap peddler must have felt confidence in her. ‘It would never have occurred to me that you would bother with me yourself, miss,’ he said. ‘I will come at once.’
He accepted the fur coat, which the valet handed him with a deep bow, threw it over his rags, and followed the young lady out to the carriage, without granting the astonished blacksmiths so much as a glance.
But while he was riding up to the manor house he had evil forebodings.
“Why the devil did I take that fellow’s money?” he thought. “Now I am sitting in the trap and will never get out of it.” (The Rattrap)
I. Which of the following best reflect the ‘friendly manner’ Edla exhibits toward the rattrap peddler as referred to in the extract? 1
1. Pay a compliment
2. Show kindness
3. Provide financial support
4. Be respectful
5. Speak in an excited tone
Select the most suitable option.
A. 1 and 5
B. 2 and 4
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. 3, 4 and 5
Ans . B. 2 and 4
II. Fill in the blank with a correct option from those given in the brackets, based on the information in the extract. 1
The peddler threw the fur coat over his rags and followed Edla out to the carriage, ______ (enthusiastically / silently / reluctantly).
Ans. silently
III. How did the peddler feel toward Edla after accepting the fur coat and making his statement? 1
A. He decided to humour her gesture.
B. He felt obligated to trust her kindness.
C. He remained unsure about her true intentions.
D. He recognised and appreciated her compassion.
Ans. D. He recognised and appreciated her compassion.
IV. What might have been the most likely reason the blacksmiths were astonished when the peddler accepted the coat and left with Edla? 1
Ans. The blacksmiths were surprised to see that a vagabond in rags was treated with respect and generosity by Edla who belonged to the upper echelons of the society.
V. Justify that guilt was the primary cause of the peddler’s sense of evil foreboding, based on the information in the extract? 1
Ans. It is evident from the text that he regrets stealing ‘the fellow’s money’ and wishes that he had not done it. His sense of guilt is the main cause of evil foreboding and he feels that he has fallen in a trap and will be caught for stealing the man’s money.
VI. Complete the following suitably.
When the peddler says, “…I will never get out,” his statement stems from his guilt over stealing ‘that fellow’s’ money and his fear that _______ . 1
Ans. His visit to the manor, compelled by Edla’s kindness might lead to his arrest.
OR
B. “She thinks money grows on trees, don’t she, Dad?”, said little Derek, hanging on the back of his father’s chair.
Their mother sighed. Sophie watched her back stooped over the sink and wondered at the incongruity of the delicate bow which fastened her apron strings. The delicate seeming bow and the crooked back.
The evening had already blacked in the windows and the small room was steamy from the stove and cluttered with the heavy-breathing man in his vest at the table and the dirty washing piled up in the corner. Sophie felt a tightening in her throat.
She went to look for her brother Geoff.
(Going Places)
I. Fill in the blank by choosing the correct option from those given in the brackets.
The literal meaning conveyed via the phrase ‘the evening had already blacked in the windows’ is the_______ (arrival of night / shadow over ambitions). 1
Ans. arrival of night
II. What was mother most likely thinking when she sighed?
1. “Life would have been different if money did grow on trees!”
2. “I wish he would stop troubling my dear Sophie.”
3. “We can only wish; we’ve never had enough anyway.”
4. “I’m too tired to respond to such comments anymore.”
5. “Our struggles will never end; no matter what Sophie dreams of.”
Select the most suitable option.
A. 1, 3 and 5
B. 2, 4 and 5
C. 1 and 4
D. 2 and 3
Ans. A. 1, 3 and 5
III. The delicate bow on Sophie’s mother’s apron and her crooked back highlights the theme of ______.
A. appearance vs. reality
B. resilience through hardship
C. the fragility of youth
D. the complexity of familial love
Ans. A. appearance vs. reality
IV. The line from the extract that correctly captures Sophie’s emotional response to the contrast between her dreams and the limitations of her current circumstances is ‘________.’ 1
Ans. ‘Sophie felt a tightening in her throat.’
V. What does the writer emphasise by associating the term ‘cluttered’ with ‘heavy breathing’? 1
Ans. The writer associates the term ‘cluttered’ with ‘heavy breathing’ to emphasise that the household is overcrowded and in a state of disorder which contributes to the suffocating atmosphere of the house. The heavy breadth represents the fatigue, monotony and hard labour which overwhelms all the occupants of the house.
VI. How does the setting of the room contribute to the mood of the extract? 1
Ans. The cluttered, steamy, overcrowded room reflects the discomfort and hardship that the family has to bear and creates a somber, tense and weary mood where happiness is absent.
10. Answer any five of the following six questions in 40 50 words each : 5×2=10
I. What role does the French language played in ‘The Last Lesson’, in the context of the narrator’s feelings towards it? 2
Ans. The French language symbolizes loss of freedom and imposition of foreign rule. The narrator’s feelings about the French language undergoes a paradigm shift when he learns that he will no longer be able to learn French. His total indifference towards the language changes to that of respect and appreciation when he senses that he no longer enjoys the freedom to learn his own mother tongue.
II. What lesson can individuals learn from Douglas’s experience in overcoming his fear of water? (Deep Water) 2
Ans. People can learn that it is possible to overcome the deepest fears by gradually exposing oneself to the source of fear. One can overcome the greatest challenges through perseverance and determination and enjoy the fruits of success and freedom.
III. Based on what Keats’ suggests in ‘A Thing of Beauty,’ how can recognising the lasting value of beauty help someone in the real-world cope with challenges or difficulties? 2
Ans. According to Keats things of beauty have a permanent imprint in minds unlike the fleeting pleasures of material comforts. Recollecting memories of beautiful things diminishes sadness during trying times. They provide lasting psychological support and helps endure the harsh realities of life.
IV. What does the reference to fishermen not harming whales and the man gathering salt looking at his hurt hands signify in the poem? (Keeping Quiet) 2
Ans. The fishermen and the man gathering salt pause their work to reflect on their actions. They try to understand the harm they are causing to others and to themselves by mindlessly pursuing their livelihood. They try to reconnect with nature and retrospect about their activities.
V. How does Rudyard Kipling’s refusal to be interviewed point towards the intrusive and unwelcome nature of interviews? (The Interview I & II) 2
Ans. Kipling’s refusal to be interviewed highlights the invasion of privacy that a public figure is exposed to during an interview. It brings forth the discomfort that a person faces when his complex work is reduced to a public spectacle as the interviewer disrespectfully strips away control and tries to prs into the private life of the person interviewed.
VI What is the significance of a narrator in ‘Lost Spring’ as opposed to a plain narrative? 2
Ans. The narrator in ‘Lost Spring’ does not merely narrate the stories of Saheb and Mukesh, she adds her empathy towards the plight of the child workers and connects the readers emotionally with the characters. In doing so she brings about the societal issues and is able to make a greater impact on the minds of readers, thereby compelling them to reflect on such issues.
11. Answer any two of the following three questions in 40 -50 words each : 2×2=4
I. How can participating in educational programmes like ‘Students on Ice’, which take students to places like Antarctica, help raise awareness about the impact of geological changes and environmental issues? (Journey to the End of the Earth) 2
Ans. Programmes like ‘Students on Ice’ provide first hand experiences to students and helps them witness the impact of climate change at a deeper level. The immersive learning helps them to understand the geological shifts and importance of taking informed decisions for conserving the environment and building a sustainable future.
II. What does Zitkala-Sa’s description of being ‘tossed about in the air like a wooden puppet’ reveal about her feelings of powerlessness and cultural displacement? (The Memories of Childhood: The Cutting of My Long Hair) 2
Ans. The comparison with a wooden puppet being tossed about shows Zitkala-Sa’s feelings at being dehumanized and treated like and object without feelings or will. She was culturally uprooted and manipulated into following a system that was alien to her. It thus reflects on the impact of cultural displacement, as her native American identity was undermined and she was forced to follow the strict rules of the boarding school.
III. What does Derry’s remark, “Think, you might have been blinded, or born deaf, or have to live in a wheelchair…,” reveal about his perspective on how people console others? (On the Face of It) 2
Ans. People often try to console others who are in pain by comparing them with other people who face greater challenges. Derry finds such comparison insensitive as it dismisses the pain and agony that the person is experiencing. He wants to be understood and accepted rather than being pitied and compared with less fortunate ones.
12. Answer any one of the following two questions, in about 120-150 words. 1×5=5
A How do ‘Indigo’ by Louis Fischer and ‘The Roadside Stand’ by Robert Frost, highlight the theme of exploitation, and what similarities do they reveal about the plight of marginalised communities?
Ans. . While ‘Indigo’ deals with the systemic economic and societal oppression of sharecroppers by British landlords, ‘The Roadside Stand’ delves into the sorrowful state of rural people exploited by urban elites and a neglectful system. Both works emphasise the imbalance of power and the struggles of those at the bottom of the societal hierarchy.
In ‘Indigo’, the exploitation of Champaran’s peasants is evident in the oppressive sharecropping system, where British landlords forced them to grow indigo on a portion of their land and unfairly profited from it. While, ‘The Roadside Stand’ portrays a countryside inhabitant selling their goods by the roadside, hoping for a fair chance at economic survival. Their disappointment reflects the false promises of development, as urban buyers and authorities fail to address their needs, leaving them trapped in poverty.
Both texts reveal a shared truth—exploitation persists when power dynamics remain unchecked, and progress often bypasses those who need it most. While Gandhi’s efforts in ‘Indigo’ offer a path of hope through resistance, Frost’s poem serves as a poignant reminder of the ongoing neglect faced by rural communities. Together, they highlight the importance of empathy, equity, and advocacy in combating exploitation.
OR
B How can the character of the office boy in ‘Poets and Pancakes,’ who harbours dreams, be compared to Sophie from ‘Going Places,’ who is quite aspirational? Consider their ambitions and the obstacles they face in their respective environments.
Ans. In both ‘Poets and Pancakes’ and ‘Going Places’, the characters of the office boy and Sophie have common ambitions and dreams that go beyond their immediate circumstances.
The office boy, like Sophie, dreams of achieving something greater—he wants to be a star actor, director, or writer, but is stuck in a subordinate role in the make-up department. Similarly, Sophie dreams of running a boutique or becoming an actress, yet is constrained by financial limitations and family’s expectations. Both characters, in spite of their seemingly humble positions, have big dreams that offer them an escape from their present realities.
However, while Sophie overlooks the practicality of her ambitions and has grand ideals, the office boy is more realistic in understanding the obstacles he faces, in spite of his lofty aspirations.
Both the characters represent dreams and ambitions which do not sync with their immediate circumstances. While their paths are filled with obstacles, they portray the universal aspiration to overcome one’s current situation and achieve something greater.
13. Answer any one of the following two questions, in about 120-150 words 1×5=5 A Justify how Sadao’s character arc is more central to the moral dilemma in the ‘The Enemy’ as opposed to Hana’s.
Ans. Sadao’s character arc in ‘The Enemy’ is definitely more central to the moral dilemma of the story. At the beginning, Sadao is a patriot who is extremely loyal to his country, however he is also a doctor who has sworn to save lives. Sadao’s internal conflict emerges when he finds the American prisoner on the sea shore. He is torn between his duty as a patriot and his duty as a doctor.
Sadao’s arc moves from hesitation and reluctant duty to genuine compassion for the soldier as the story progresses. He goes beyond his initial patriotic feelings and decides to save the life of the soldier, which portrays his character development. His character arc symbolises the triumph of humanity over nationalism.
On the other hand, Hana’s transformation more subtle. While she starts with repulsion and dread, her compassionate feelings grow, however she is unable to accept the fact that the wounded soldier is a human who desperately needs her help. Her development is more passive, as she does not lead buy merely follows her husband’s decision. Therefore, we may say that Sadao’s arc is more central to the story’s moral dilemma.
OR
B Analyse how the narrative technique used in ‘The Tiger King’, enhances the impact of the story on the reader.
Ans. Kalki uses satire to portray the arrogance and stubbornness of those in power. He uses wit, humour and irony to highlight the Maharaja’s obsession with a prophecy. Through exaggeration, such as the Maharaja’s declaration to kill hundred tigers or the astrologer’s dramatic predictions, the narrative highlights the absurdity of human arrogance and misplaced priorities.
The third-person omniscient narrative adds to the effect, giving a sarcastic commentary on the Maharaja’s actions, which leads the readers to critically evaluate his decisions rather than empathise with him.
The use of foreshadowing and dramatic irony keeps the reader engaged. The prophecy of the 100th tiger causing the Maharaja’s death looms over the narrative, creating anticipation and humour as the Maharaja ironically believes he can outwit fate.
The ultimate twist, where a wooden tiger indirectly causes his death, adds a layer of irony. Moreover, Kalki examines human foolishness and power through the dialogues, hyperbole, and twist in the plot, which entertains the readers and makes them reflect on the absurdities of human behaviour.
1. What will counting up to twelve and keeping still help us achieve?
Ans. Counting till twelve will result in a collective pause from regular activities, and help people to retrospect about their lives and bring about the necessary changes needed for a positive future. The brief pause will bring about a feeling of togetherness, peace and realization of the harm that they cause to themselves and to others through mindless day-to-day activities.
2. Do you think the poet advocates total inactivity and death?
Ans. No, the poet only wants physical stillness, not death. He warns the people that they should not confuse the moments of reflection with complete inactivity or death. The moments of inactivity is for self-introspection and appreciating life, rather than contemplating giving up life or becoming totally inactive.
3. What is the ‘sadness’ that the poet refers to in the poem?
Ans. The poet refers to the unhappiness that results from not knowing ourselves well. The pause would help people realise, how unfortunate it is to rush through life without knowing their real selves. Their rash and careless actions sometimes bring them close to death
4. What symbol from Nature does the poet invoke to say that there can be life under apparent stillness?
Ans. The symbol of Earth is used by the poet to convey the message that superficial stillness does not always mean death. Earth is flourishing every moment even though it appears to be still. During harsh winters, nature seems dormant, but it is preparing itself for renewal. It will flourish in full splendour after its brief period of stillness. Similarly, humans too should bring about positive change in their lives after a period of quiet introspection.
Extra Questions:
Q. Why does the poet say that keeping quiet for some time will be an exotic moment?
Ans. The moment of silence will be exotic as everyone will be together and equal at that moment. There would be no language spoken, no work done hence nothing would be there to discriminate among people. The lack of speech and action would remove all categories and boundaries as everyone would feel united as they realise the deeper truth through self-introspection. It would be a moment of peace and togetherness.
Q. What are the types of wars mentioned in the poem keeping quiet? What do these wars lead to?
Ans. The poem mentions several types of wars-
i. Green-wars or war against nature. Where nature is destroyed as a result of human greed.
ii. Wars with gas or chemical warfare. Where countries use poisonous gases during conflicts.
iii. Wars with fire or wars with bombs and nuclear arms. Which leads to huge destructions.
These wars result in destruction and doom. There are no actual survivors who can revel in their victory as the losses incurred is far more than the petty gain.
Q. What is the irony behind ‘victory with no survivors’ ?
Ans. Any victory where there is destruction and loss of lives can never be celebrated. Thus, such victories are ironical as there would be no one to celebrate the win whose outcome is immense grief and loss.
Q. What do you understand by the phrase ‘put on clean clothes?
Ans. Through the phrase ‘put on clean clothes’ the poet wants to say that after the war, people would discard their evil negative ways and adopt positive thoughts and behaviour. The spiritual cleansing, brought about through their change in attitude and behaviour, would lead to a fresh start for a new beginning.
Q. What does the phrase ‘walk about with their brothers in the shade, doing nothing’ signify?
Ans. The phrase signifies that everyone would co-exist peacefully and would be shaded from destructive activities. As they would be doing nothing there would not be any form of distraction during their self-introspection. Everyone would live together peacefully; thus, promoting brotherhood and equality.
English Literature and Grammar 