Reading What I Lack by Robert Brook this morning, in which he considers “social aspects of character,” reminded me that one of the important things that I lack much of the time is people, in a face-to-face contact with people way. It also connected with what a couple of other people had said recently about social circles and cliques, so it seemed time to think and write a little on the topic.
I have spent far too much time in solitude during the past 10 years or more, either because of work or illness (or both, at times). Occasionally, people have commented in recent years that I spend far too much time online and not enough time offline, not understanding that my main means of being in contact with people is through being online. It has not been unusual for a week or a fortnight to pass without my having a face-to-face conversation with anyone that goes beyond a perfunctory ‘warm/wet/cold weather for the time of year.’ Most of my work has been online, creating online resources, and/or collaborating with others online.
The benefit of solitude is not having anyone to disturb my work or even thinking. I have space to think. I am a creative person, and creative people possibly need space to think in order to create. I also need the stimulation of other people. The work that I do is, directly or indirectly, about communicating information and ideas to people. I need to communicate with people even to find out the best ways of communicating with them, and what they might want or need to know. Working in complete solitude for too long, one can become far too inwardly-focused and to have a purely internal dialogue, using language and logic that makes no sense to others once it is revealed to them.
When I travelled regularly and had an office elsewhere, I often had conversations with fellow travellers or in cafés at lunchtime. These were often people who would not feel that they could make their views known in the public sphere. Sometimes, they would reflect at the end of a conversation that they had never told their story or views on a specific issue to someone before.
Occasionally, there have been some who were only too pleased to tell anyone who would listen what their views were. Once, a man on a train could not wait to tell me what he thought about asylum seekers and Europeans coming to the UK to work, and about those claiming benefits. He regretted it as I politely and but firmly challenged his misinformed prejudices with some facts, and went to stand by the door for 20 minutes in his anxiety to ensure he was able to get off that train.
Most discussions have been friendly, however. It is a wonderfully random way of obtaining views and getting a feel for what might be useful or interesting to a broader range of people. It breaks through the usual social circles.

Circles caused by hail in rock pool
I first recognised the existence of social circles at primary school, when I was 5 years old. Although I did not belong to them, I seemed to be welcome enough to ‘visit’ each, but if one belonged, one had to declare oneself as not part of the other circles and not play with those children.
Later on, I found that there were inner circles within circles, and that some circles could be cliques that seemed to be more deliberate in excluding those who did not belong. I saw myself as outside of the circles when I was an undergraduate, only to discover years later that some had seen me as being in the centre of an inner circle and themselves as the outsiders who could not get into the circle. The same happened at work later on. At some point, whilst browsing in a library, I came across something that CS Lewis had written and delivered as a speech in 1944 that explains this phenomenon more eloquently than I can.
The circle cannot have from within the charm it had from outside. By the very act of admitting you it has lost its magic.
Once the first novelty is worn off, the members of this circle will be no more interesting than your old friends. Why should they be? You were not looking for virtue or kindness or loyalty or humour or learning or wit or any of the things that can really be enjoyed. You merely wanted to be “in.” And that is a pleasure that cannot last. As soon as your new associates have been staled to you by custom, you will be looking for another Ring. The rainbow’s end will still be ahead of you. The old ring will now be only the drab background for your endeavor to enter the new one.
And you will always find them hard to enter, for a reason you very well know. You yourself, once you are in, want to make it hard for the next entrant, just as those who are already in made it hard for you. Naturally. In any wholesome group of people which holds together for a good purpose, the exclusions are in a sense accidental. Three or four people who are together for the sake of some piece of work exclude others because there is work only for so many or because the others can’t in fact do it. Your little musical group limits its numbers because the rooms they meet in are only so big. But your genuine Inner Ring exists for exclusion. There’d be no fun if there were no outsiders. The invisible line would have no meaning unless most people were on the wrong side of it. Exclusion is no accident; it is the essence.
The quest of the Inner Ring will break your hearts unless you break it. But if you break it, a surprising result will follow. If in your working hours you make the work your end, you will presently find yourself all unawares inside the only circle in your profession that really matters. You will be one of the sound craftsmen, and other sound craftsmen will know it. This group of craftsmen will by no means coincide with the Inner Ring or the Important People or the People in the Know. It will not shape that professional policy or work up that professional influence which fights for the profession as a whole against the public: nor will it lead to those periodic scandals and crises which the Inner Ring produces. But it will do those things which that profession exists to do and will in the long run be responsible for all the respect which that profession in fact enjoys and which the speeches and advertisements cannot maintain…
CS Lewis, ‘The Inner Ring,’ the Memorial Lecture at King’s College, University of London, 1944.
Working on my own, it is difficult to be part of a circle that is a work community one. Friends living in the same city or region from college days and workplaces have disappeared over time as they moved to jobs elsewhere or my work was based elsewhere, and we lost contact. Social media allows me to take part a little, however, and to build new networks. Not having been in a specific job a lot of the time (due to illness) has given me more freedom to chat to people simply because they appear interesting. I tend to do this mostly, but not exclusively, on Twitter these days. I belong to around three dozen discussion lists but rarely get involved in discussions there now, but they are part of the tools that enabled me to connect with people online over the past 15 to 18 years.
If you have used Google Plus (aka G+), you will be aware that it provides Circles to which one can add people and then choose to communicate with everybody who cares to look at you page or only with specific circles or individuals. Although I rarely G+, I did set up a lot of Circles on my first account and am in other people’s Circles. On Twitter, I use Lists to group together people and organisations that have something in common, especially if I think others might find them useful to discover more people in a particular interest group. I often put people in more than one List.

Although some could perceive the use of specific hashtags as signifying the boundary of a clique’s discussion, the way in which Twitter works can break down the more obvious boundaries because the conversation is overt. Sometimes people apologise for joining in on a Twitter conversation, although I always regard any open conversation as one that anyone else can join, as long as their intention is not merely to abuse or insult. I remember having to encourage someone to make a comment to someone they perceived as too high up in the sector’s hierarchy for them to address. I have to admit that in offline society, I am equally likely to consider that I can speak to people regardless of their position (although I recognise that the higher they are, the less time they will have for any one individual beyond their closest circle due to so many wishing to speak to them).
So when I became aware recently that some people think that there are cliques on Twitter to which some could not belong, it reminded me of CS Lewis’s circles or rings, and I wondered why I didn’t see a clique where someone else did. The first thing I realised was that I had met face-to-face many of the most noticeable people in the groups perceived as cliques. The second thing was that I know certain people do meet each other regularly because they are based in the same region or meet regularly at events. Those that seem to connect most are within relatively easy travelling distance of London. Thirdly, I don’t remember ever feeling excluded from their discussions about issues in which I’m interested.
I suppose some might regard Weekly Blog Club as a clique. There are certain people who blog regularly, and some who have been with us from the very beginning but who do not blog so frequently, and there are those who read but don’t write. I have always thought of it as being an open thing. It came out of a conversation in ‘public’ between Dan Slee, Sarah Lay and me. Dan came up with the name of the hashtag. I set up a Twitter account and the blog. Sarah wrote the very first post. It grew out of a sense of community, and has developed its own community that connects in with other communities, online and offline.
There are cliques online, including on Twitter, but they seem to be less common than circles. A few years ago, I used to worry when I felt excluded from one or two but realised that it was just because one or two in a group hadn’t liked my disagreeing with them or something I had stated, rather than being shunned by a whole group. I don’t have to agree with absolutely everything someone else thinks in order to be friendly with them. It would be a very boring world if we always agreed with everyone else on everything.
I see the difference between cliques and social circles as where people are looking (when I was an undergraduate, the question of “the gaze” was a key one in art history): in cliques, they gaze inwardly and only at each other; in circles, people’s gaze is outward as well as inward. The clique seeks to exclude whilst the circle is open to expanding to any who want to join it. I like the fact that social media opens up groups that might have become cliques in the past and enables them to be circles. Simply being yourself, treating others with respect, contributing to a circle’s discussions and work can be enough to get into most social circles in the online world.
Do join in some circles. Share your thoughts, contribute, and encourage others to join you.
