I have enjoyed learning about and using western herbs in my midwifery practice for many years, and was excited to start to add some local tropical herbs to my repertoire. The students at the clinic recently finished a class on herbs and other complementary therapies for midwives, which I helped teach. A highlight was a group of the Filipina midwives showing us how to prepare a therapeutic salve using locally available herbs. The salve will be divided into small jars and given to patients at the clinic for baby’s rashes and other skin issues.

The herbs we used are kalamansi, kalachuchi, malungay (also called moringa), panyawan (in Tagalog, makabuhay), and sili. (Links to a website describing medicinal uses of all these plants.) Three of the plants we used are growing right in my backyard!

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Herbs laid out on the table – from top to bottom sili, malungay, kalachuchi, and kalamansi.

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Many hands make light work – stripping leaves off of stems and tearing them in small pieces.

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The panyawan (also called makabuhay in Tagalog) gets special treatment – the bark is scraped off the roots (note gloves on hands).

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The herbs are heated in coconut oil in a clay pot.

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Straining the plant matter out of the herbs.

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Stirring wax into the hot herbal oil to make a salve.

So I’ve been back in Davao since the beginning of January, but only started shifts at the clinic last week. Having brought the whole family this time, we needed some time to settle in and set up housekeeping!

After two years of homebirth practice in the States, my goals for this next year are to develop better skills in areas that rarely or ever arose for my low-risk homebirth mamas, learn how to be a safe and effective supervisor of a team of midwives in a higher volume setting, and become a better teacher.

The first few shifts I had last week were slow — only one baby born on each 8-hour shift. This was fine, as it gave me time to re-orient myself to the clinic — getting comfortable with the protocols, where to find which supplies, and (yikes!) the paperwork. I caught a baby early on my third shift. My fourth shift (yesterday morning) was much busier, so I ended up catching again even though there were two others who were “up” before me. I’m getting more comfortable, but the environment is definitely still new enough that many clinic routines are not second nature to me.

Today was the busiest shift I have been on! I was last up to catch so I was assigned the care of a mama who could not be discharged yet because her pulse was abnormally high, though her baby had been born the previous evening. Within half an hour I experienced my first taxi birth!

taxibaby

It just got busier from there. The laboring mothers kept coming –and coming — and coming! There were four babies born at the clinic (three of the births on the fairly difficult side), plus the taxi baby and another super fast labor where the baby was born at home and the placenta came out in the tricey-cab on the way to the clinic. I took care of that one, monitoring mother and baby, doing the newborn exam and suturing a small tear. I also assisted with other births, charted for other births, did postpartum check-ups, saw my first cleft lip/palate baby, and watched a complicated repair of an almost-but-not-quite-third degree tear.

Little guy with a cleft palate. His family will be referred to Smile Train the next time they are in Davao.

Little guy with a cleft lip. His family will be referred to Smile Train the next time they are in Davao.

I’m not yet a supervisor, but I am a CPM so many of the students were looking to me for advice and guidance, especially when the supervisor was otherwise occupied. Frankly, though, all of the students – even the first years who’ve been here for about six months – have more experience in this particular working environment than I do!

Honestly, it was overwhelming. At one point I was sitting between two cubicles with the curtains arranged so that I could see inside both, charting for two labors that were pushing simultaneously (and sometimes jumping up to grab things — suction! pitocin! vitamin K! — that other midwives whose gloves were dirty needed right! now!) I felt like I didn’t have enough hands, time, or attention for everything that was happening. I did have the opportunity to “catch” but chose to pass in favor of one of the students who was willing to do a second birth that shift – partly because I didn’t feel like I would do a very good job with the two postpartum patients I already had if I also took on a labor, and mostly because I have a busy day tomorrow and would have had a difficult time coming back in to the clinic for a baby check!

I knew before I got here that there was definitely going to be a learning curve before I’d be ready to supervise, but today brought home just how steep that learning curve will be. I’ve been super spoiled only taking care of ONE labor or immediate postpartum at a time rather than having to keep track of as many as seven or eight patients at once – and with two very able assistants at every birth to boot! I was feeling fairly competent after a few years of being the “boss” of my own practice and nearing my 200th birth. It is very humbling to be back in an environment where I am still unsure and uncertain a lot of the time. Hopefully I’ll look back on this morning in a month or two, laugh at myself, and be able to smile at how far I’ve come.

I just watched this delightful episode of the BBC’s “Toughest Place to Be A…” series, in which an idealistic young British midwife is transported to a Liberian hospital for two weeks. She’s first depicted in the well-equipped NHS hospital where she works, overseeing a lovely waterbirth. She then shares with the camera her (somewhat naive) hopes of learning more about natural birth in Africa. I found a lot to relate to in the juxtaposition of midwifery in a privileged, first world setting compared to the harsh realities of health care in the developing world. This is a full hour video, but worth watching (especially if you are a midwife!) There are several scenes that I would not recommend for very young or very sensitive viewers.

For the last 20 years, August 1st to August 7th has been set aside as World Breastfeeding Week by maternal/child health advocates around the globe.

In North America, breastfeeding is frequently seen as a “lifestyle choice” but in many other places successful breastfeeding can be a “life or death” choice. Supporting best practices for the initiation of breastfeeding (immediate skin to skin contact between mother and baby after birth, no separation of baby and mother, no routine newborn procedures before baby has breastfed for the first time, no pacifiers or artificial nipples, no promotion of artificial feeding by health care workers) and providing knowledgeable support for breastfeeding difficulties during the first few weeks after birth can make a critical difference for babies in the developing world.

How important is breastfeeding? In 2003, the medical journal The Lancet compared the impact various “interventions” would have on child surival rates. It was estimated that tetanus toxoid vaccinations could prevent 161,000 deaths (2% of the worldwide total). Clean water supplies and hygiene measures (ie latrines) could prevent 326,000 deaths (3%). Insecticide-treated materials (ie mosquito nets) to prevent malaria could prevent 691,000 child deaths, or 7%. Guess how many deaths could be prevented by exclusive breastfeeding for six months (with continued breastfeeding with appropriate complementary foods after six months)? 1,301,000 – or 13%. No other intervention even came close. (I got these statistics from Linda Smith, IBCLC’s presentation The Global Context: Breastfeeding as a Public Heath Priority.)

Midwives can have an enormous impact on the success of initial breastfeeding in the immediate postpartum period, as well as supporting breastfeeding during postpartum follow-up care. Conversely, when best practices are not followed, mothers and babies are separated after birth, breastmilk substitutes are given to newborns in hospital nurseries and are offered in “free goody bags” to mothers taking their new babies home, breastfeeding failure rates are high. Midwives can make a difference that goes beyond getting mother and baby safely through pregnancy and birth!

Another significant issue is the marketing and promotion of breastmilk substitutes. When a North American mother goes home from the hospital with a “free sample” can of powdered formula, it can reasonably be assumed that she has a clean, safe source of water to mix it with and to wash the bottles and nipples, that she can read the instructions and will mix it correctly, and that she has ready access to health care services to alleviate the effects on her baby from missing out on the protective immunological factors in breastmilk. These things are not necessarily true in impoverished communities in the developing world. In such places, a “free” can of formula can be a death sentence.

According to Unicef:

“Marketing practices that undermine breastfeeding are potentially hazardous wherever they are pursued: in the developing world, WHO estimates that some 1.5 million children die each year because they are not adequately breastfed. These facts are not in dispute.”

Please read about current formula industry attacks on advertising and labeling regulations in the Philippines.

The 2007 documentary, Formula for Disaster, can be viewed here. Please take half an hour to watch and learn about this issue.

Generators only hum to life when a surgery is being performed. There is no power for refrigeration to store blood donations, and no electricity to run incubators for babies who have come too soon.

A typed list pinned to the bulletin board in the hallway shows the grim statistics at Gabu hospital alone: Four mothers died here in January, seven in February and three in March. There were no totals kept for April, when a military junta seized power, or for the chaotic month of May that followed.

As the sun falls, the head midwife at the hospital works with only a flashlight tucked under her chin and sometimes the glow of a candle on a nearby countertop to guide her.

Read more here.

Please click through to read the whole AP article, and don’t miss the photos that go with it.
This picture baffled me at first. The caption explained that the midwife is resuscitating a baby after a difficult breech birth. But why is she using a Pinard horn?!?

An unborn baby’s alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs) are filled with fluid. The baby’s first breaths or cries inflate the alveoli and push lung fluid into the surrounding tissue, where it is reabsorbed. A baby who does not start breathing on their own after birth urgently needs to have their lungs inflated with air. A neonatal bag and mask is a medical tool designed to provide positive pressure ventilation for resuscitation. The flexible mask forms a tight seal over the baby’s mouth and nose and air is pushed into the baby’s airway to inflate the lungs by squeezing the bag. If the mask is not placed in such a way that a tight seal is  formed and air escapes around the edges of the mask, the lungs will not be effectively inflated.

Neonatal bag-mask resuscitators.

By contrast, a Pinard horn (a tool that has been around for over 100 years and which is not widely used in North America, even among home birth midwives) is designed to listen to the unborn baby’s heartbeat. It is a carved of wood and works like an ear trumpet, amplifying the sound of the fetal heartbeat.

Pinard horn.

As you can see from the pictures, the hard wooden bell of a Pinard horn is neither flexible enough nor the correct size to form a tight seal over a newborn’s mouth and nose like a neonatal bag-mask. Blowing through the Pinard would probably be only be minimally more effective than just blowing in the baby’s face. Granted, blowing in the baby’s face will sometimes stimulate newborn breathing. So will rubbing the baby with a towel, or turning the baby upside down and spanking them, as was sometimes done in the early 20th century. (See R. McAdams 2008 for a fascinating history of neonatal resuscitation.) But none of these techniques provide positive pressure ventilation to inflate the baby’s lungs. Mouth-to-mouth (in a newborn, it would actually be mouth to mouth-and-nose) would be a more effective way to resuscitate a newborn without a bag and mask, but would carry a significant body fluids exposure risk to the resuscitator unless a face shield was used.

I found mention of using a Pinard for newborn resuscitation at a clinic in Senegal in a Midwifery Today article from 2006. I wonder whether this technique is widespread in other low-resource settings, or just in that part of West Africa?

(Cross-posted to Receive With Meekness.)

There comes a moment when I have to look in her eyes, this strong and determined woman who has been pushing with all her strength, hour after hour, cheerfully moving into every new position we suggest, squatting, standing, kneeling, lying with her head down and bottom in the air to try to lift the baby’s head out of the pelvis so it can come back down in a better position, flat on her back tolerating the pressure of my fingers trying to help her baby rotate as she bears down with all her might, that moment when I look at her and she knows what I am going to say before I open my mouth to tell her that there is nothing more that we can try.

This story has played out with different variations. This is her first baby, or it is her first vaginal birth after a prior cesarean. The baby’s head is posterior, and possibly asynclitic as well. The baby may have a nuchal hand, or a tight cord wrap, that is making rotation difficult. Her pubic arch is narrower and higher than normal, or maybe it is low and flat.

We go to the hospital – the clean, modern, well-staffed, well-equipped hospital – where we are met by kind, friendly nurses. Where a OB who likes and trusts me treats her with compassion and respect, explaining what is going on and what he needs to do and why. Where her husband, her doula, her mother or sister or friend or photographer, can stay with her for the delivery. Where I can stay with her (even into the OR if that is where we end up, though because the OB who backs up my clients is skilled in what is becoming a lost art, I have actually seen more forceps rotations than cesareans.)

I imagine what it would have been like to be the midwife in this story in a time or a place where there was no option for hospital transport for instrumental or surgical delivery. Only one of the mothers who has been in this situation has ever asked me that question – “What would you do if there was no hospital for us to go to?” She didn’t ask in the moment, but weeks later, when we were talking about her birth. “What would happen to me and to my baby if there was no hospital to go to?

Night shift last night was my very last birthroom shift. I napped for a couple of hours after dinner and then got on the computer to get a texted “happy anniversary” from my bana who is 9000 miles away. We probably wouldn’t have been doing anything to celebrate until the weekend anyway, but it still just didn’t seem right. Then he posted this to the family blog. He’s a good midhusband, that one.

I was third up on night shift, which was fine with me (I was tired!). Had fun talking with the students on shift until we all got too sleepy. We had a birth at 2:14 that I charted. There was a shoulder dystocia, which was resolved within a couple of minutes with McRobert’s and suprapubic pressure. Things were very busy for a few minutes as baby (inital A/S of 3) was being suctioned and given PPV (they do use oxygen for resus here, but do not cut the umbilical cord.) I noticed that the bana was looking absolutely traumatized and touched his shoulder and said, “The baby’s going to be okay.” Baby started crying and tension subsided.

One of the students on shift with me was the same one I worked with for my first handle here last year, and I asked her if she remembered that birth (where we also had a shoulder dystocia, and I totally befuddled the supervisor by trying to do the Gaskin maneuver) — she even remembered which bed we’d been in!

Almost as soon as the placenta was out, another labor came in ready to push. No issues with baby this time, but she hemorrhaged and I got tapped to place an IV — which I did all by myself on the first try. Now, if I just had the opportunity to practice IV starts every week or two, I might be able to keep that skill up. My bana’s not that good a midhusband, though. He didn’t even like me practicing on him way way back at the beginning of my apprenticeship when I was learning to take blood pressures. 🙂

I had a nice long sleep in the aircon room and got up after noon. This afternoon I need to print out the pictures of the cute daddy giving his baby her first bath to leave in the chart for the family to get next week, buy dried mangos and other souvenirs to fill up my suitcase, and take the last opportunity to gorge myself on tropical fruits and fresh buko juice. Tomorrow I leave for the airport.

All my births, initial prenatals, postpartums, and newborn exams from Davao are correctly entered on the NARM forms with preceptor initials, and the nine different preceptors who’ve supervised these clinical experiences for me have all signed their notarized statements. I have one more shift — night tonight — and then I will be heading home on Saturday.

Heather asked me to change my schedule yesterday — I was supposed to be on both day and night shift, but she found herself short of hands on swing shift so asked if I’d switch. This worked nicely for me as I had the morning to chase down paperwork but I was rushing around so much that I didn’t really make myself any proper breakfast or lunch, just grabbed a few crackers and a banana on the go.

We certainly were short of hands on swing shift! Besides the supervisor, there was one of the staff midwives, a Filippino student midwife who is still just observing births, one other intern who just got here a few days ago and is still supposed to be just observing births, and me. So only two people who could manage a labor / catch a baby, plus the supervisor. And there was a labor for each of us right away.

My lady was very close to pushing at endorsements, and had her baby fairly quickly about half an hour later. Actually, she pushed for the first time while on hands and knees on the bed and her water broke with a tremendous gush, so I got drenched again. I could see head as soon as the water broke, and the supervisor instructed her to turn over and lie on the bed — I would have been happy to catch the baby in hands and knees. He was quite the chunky little fellow (for here — 7 lbs 11 oz, but very chubby cheeks and broad shoulders) and I had to actively assist the birth of the shoulders — I think if she’d stayed on hands and knees he might have just slipped out without my help and maybe not torn at all (her tear was small enough not to need suturing, but it definitely happened with the shoulders and not the head). His chest circumference was a full cm larger than his head, and the placenta was huge — a bit of a sugar baby, which is perhaps appropriate since having caught all the babies I need for NARM any more are “icing.”

Everything went very smoothly after the birth and after the baby had nursed for a while I did the bath and newborn exam, had mom go to the C.R., got mom and baby all settled in the postpartum room, and finished the charting. I started talking to the other intern about ordering in some dinner — normally, whoever is cooking at the dorm will bring food over for anyone on swing shift, but the students were all going out to a party and we knew no one would be cooking that evening. We were happy to share with our friends on shift with us, and the Philippino student mentioned that she had a friend with a motorcycle (who was just hanging around outside the clinic, hoping the shift would be slow enough for her to hang out outside too I guess) who could go pick up the food for us.

There had been a flyer for a  nearby Thai place at one of the dorms so we tried to call. The number on the flyer was incorrect. I looked googled the restaurant and found another phone number in an online newspaper review. There was no answer. Not being so easily daunted, we asked the friend with the motorcycle if he could go pick up a menu for us (and make sure the restaurant was open).

At this point, the other labor — which had been a long and difficult one with a first-time mom and a posterior baby (not so common here as in the States, thankfully — I think the squat toilets might be one of the reasons for that) had progressed to the point where it was time to push. And all hands were needed, as mom pushed for all she was worth with the staff midwife helping to pull her into an upright squat with each push, the supervisor doing “finger forceps”, the student supporting mom from behind, the other intern charting, and me taking heart tones and handing needed items to those with dirty gloves. The menu arrived soon after pushing began, but it was well over an hour before we had a baby out (who had not enjoyed his journey through a tight spot and needed a lot of attention, evenutually being transported for respiratory distress an hour or two later) and even once the baby was born there was plenty to keep us occupied.

It was after 8:00 p.m. when we finally sent the motorcycle boy off with an order and cash, and everyone was pretty hungry by then. But before he got back with the food, we had another, very active labor walk in the door — I was first up again as my birth had been first and the staff midwife was still busy with her postpartum patient. This mama reported ROM at home about ten minutes before and was clearly ready to push. There was time for a quick check to make sure baby was head-down and then I coached her through easing her little boy out over a perfectly intact perineum ten minutes after she walked in the door. The other intern ended up assisting me as another active labor arrived while we were pushing, and the staff midwife needed to go assess her — fortunately, this one waited until the night shift arrived before starting to push!

Baby boy was born covered absolutely head-to-toe in vernix, and the vernix was a lovely shade of old-meconium-stain green (as were the placenta and membranes). So he got deep-suctioned, though I don’t think he really needed it, he was crying even before he was completely out and had a one-minute apgar of 9. The food arrived as we were waiting for the placenta, and the other intern and I cast ocassional longing glances at it as we did our postpartum care. Baby boy number two nursed well, did not appear to be offended by our comments about his green skin (we did tell him he was going to be extremely cute once he’d had a bath), and mom plopped out the placenta easily with almost no blood loss at all.

Finally it was time to endorse to night shift (though most of them were attending on the shift-change baby). The night shift supervisor was not thrilled that so much of the post-care was not done yet for my second catch (newborn exam, bath, injections) but I was not going to detach a happily nursing baby who wasn’t even an hour old yet just so that I could get the charting finished, so I didn’t feel very guilty about it. I did grab him and weigh him right after endorsements, so that I could record the birth in the log book, and then those of us who had just come off swing shift (and another Filippino midwife who’d been hanging around during the shift, and the motorcycle driver) all gathered in the staff kitchen with our long-awaited Thai food.

Yesterday evening I had a very delightful time with about ten of the midwifery students here, sharing information from Jane Evan’s Day at the Breech Workshop (taught with Dr. Frank Louwen the day before the 2nd International Breech Conference in Ottawa last October). I went over what I’d learned at the workshop about the mechanisms of vaginal breech birth with mom in hands and knees, demonstrating with doll and pelvis, and showed everybody how to do the brilliantly simple “Louwen maneuver” for a deflexed head. Then I showed them some slides from the internet of a breech birth attended by Jane Evans and some other UK midwives, and Lisa Barret’s breech videos from her website. Just as I was finishing up, the power went out. There have been brownouts for several hours at a time on at least three of the days I’ve been here, but this was the first time they’d been after dark rather than in the afternoon. Apparently brownouts for several hours each afternoon had been a daily occurence for weeks up until shortly before my arrival. Nothing like a power outage to make you appreciate the fans when they come back on!

After showering by candlelight, I headed over to the clinic for night shift. Didn’t do much, every labor who came in (one who delivered shortly after the beginning of the shift and two who came later) was a continuity.

After breakfast and a nap, I was back on again for swing shift this afternoon. I started out just before endorsements assisting a birth with the student who was “first up” but as soon as the baby was born the supervisor told me that there was also a labor for me. She was a G2 who had come in a few hours early and been 4 cm; her first baby had also been born at the clinic a few years ago (it’s always nice to be able to read the full records for the previous birth!)

By 5:00 p.m., she was having very strong contractions with barely a break in between them and was struggling to keep her cool. (With very few exceptions, the women here labor very quietly. Really messed up my labor assessment skills when I first got here — someone would come in and I would think they couldn’t possibly be in active labor yet because they looked so relaxed, and then they’d be pushing a baby out 10 or 15 minutes later.) She thought she might want to push just before 6:00, but when I checked her she was only 8 cm and with a baby who felt a little asynclitic, so I had her do some position changes, lunges, and then labor on hands and knees on the bed for a while. An hour later she really wanted to push and when I checked again she was fully dilated.

“Okay,” I told her, “you can go ahead and push.” Did she ever! I had been holding the edge of the pink pad up in anticipation of her water breaking, but she lifted her bottom off the bed as she pushed and I got completely soaked in the very dramatic spray of amniotic fluid. Another 6 minutes of pushing, and baby girl was out. She had a small first degree tear which I sutured before the end of the shift.

I still have several days and several birth room shifts left here, but I have all the numbers I need for my NARM application now. After a winter and spring full of births that I could not count for NARM (either because of transports, or lack of a preceptor), I’ve gotten all that I needed in less than ten days. And amusingly, every baby I’ve caught here in Davao has been a girl. (Five in a row, so far.)  I have not had a transport yet or any complications more serious than a grand multip who needed an IV and some pitocin postpartum. There’s still a lot of work to do to get the application paperwork all in order, but I feel like the biggest hurdle has definitely been cleared now.

My lady on swing shift yesterday did indeed deliver, about three hours after she came in. Gotta love a G2 whose baby just falls out without you needing to do much of anything! So, two babies in one day — granted, about 12 hours apart on two different shifts. Neither needed suturing, but I did have to place an IV for my G11 immediately postpartum due to her high parity and blood loss that was edging close to hemorrhage when the placenta delivered. The patients here do not tend to be well-nourished and many if not most are anemic so they do not do very well with what I would consider a fairly moderate blood loss in the States. I was a bit nervous about the IV start since I have not had the opportunity to practice since last July!!!! but lucky for me she had good veins and it went just fine. Definitely one of the areas where I really wish I had more opportunity to keep up my skills at home.

My labor actually delivered before either of the other two on that swing shift, and I assisted one of the other interns about 2 hours later. Two women were pushing at the same time, a third needed to be transported for hypertension, and we had only three students/interns plus the supervisor — it was a little hectic for a few minutes! I was glad my lady was already stable and comfortably settled in postpartum.

This morning I went to Monday intake clinic and did 5 more initial prenatals (history, and physical exam.) All primips this time. Then I went to write them down on my NARM form and realized that in counting how many I still needed to finish my NARM portfolio, I had not counted the two initial physicals I did right before leaving — actually, the day I left for the airport. So I have two more than I need, oh well, more can’t hurt! After prenatal clinic I had three baby checks — my mama and baby from last night did not show up for their one day check but that is not really surprising as they only went home this morning. I’m pretty sure they’ll come back for their three-day, not only have they already paid for the met screen which is scheduled that day, but I also took pictures of the proud daddy giving his baby girl her first bath and told them I’d have them printed for them by then!

My baby from yesterday morning (the mama with 10 kids) came in with a fever (38.00 C) and high resps (84/minute). She’s nursing well, but the resps did not go down after breastfeeding for 20 minutes and even when I gave her a sponge bath her temp was still elevated. I gave her mother a referal to take her to a doctor but don’t know if she can afford to take her. (Picture below is baby girl yesterday morning, just after I footprinted her. For Tracey’s benefit: she’s about an hour old and I had already put goop in her eyes and given her two injections (vitamin K and Hep B)… but I don’t plan to “try this at home.”)

The other two baby checks were both doing great. This one below is the first baby I caught here, now a week old:

No met screen for my 3-day old baby though (the one with the unsmiling big brother in the previous picture post) — her mother didn’t have the money yet. The clinic has to pay the health department in advance for every newborn screening test card, so we are strictly forbidden from writing on the card or doing a heel prick until the parents have paid. Each met screen is 550 pesos — about $12, which is just not in the budget for many of the patients here.

As of now, I need ONE more catch (two if I want to avoid having to completely redo my NARM form to keep it in chronological order, as one more only would mean using the baby I caught after I’d finished getting preceptor signatures on my last trip here), ONE more newborn exam, and ONE more postpartum visit to finish the clinical requirements for my CPM certification. And I’m scheduled for 6 more birth room shifts before I leave (including night shift tonight). Not holding my breath yet, but I’m starting to think I might be writing that NARM exam in October!

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