Transformer

India is a vast country with a huge population but the transition of electricity from the urban to rural areas has been a long daunting journey.  There has been tremendous growth in the power sector because India being a manufacturing giant relies on heavy electricity use for its stabilized and upcoming industries.  Despite many ups…

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9th Death Anniversary of Dr.A.P.J Abdul Kalam

“Never stop fighting until you arrive at your destined place – the unique you. Have an aim in life, continuously acquire knowledge, work hard, and have perseverance to realise the great life.”Remembering former President of India Dr.A.P.J Abdul Kalam on his 9th Death Anniversary. Koti Koti Naman 🙏 🙏#APJAbdulKalam

Adani Energy Solutions net profit falls 13% to Rs 381 crore in Q4

Adani Energy Solutions Ltd (AESL) has reported a 13.26 per cent decline in its consolidated net profit at Rs 381.29 crore during January-March 2024 on account of increased expenses. Its net profit after tax was at Rs 439.60 crore in the January-March period of the preceding 2022-23 financial year, the company said in an exchange…

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MVA stands for Mega Volt Amp or Volts X Amp /1000,000. In case your add up to load necessity is 1000 volts and 5000 amps (1000 x 5000 = 5000,000 VA) it can be communicated as 5MVA. Usually called “apparent power” since it takes into thought both the resistive load and the reactive load. We generally indicate load by MVA, KVA or VA as any specific appliance of power framework generally absorbs active power as well as reactive power. ( Eg: transformers).Partition the number of kVA by 1,000 to convert to MVA. For illustration, in case you have got 438 kVA, isolate 438 by 1,000 to induce 0.438 MVA.Multiply the number of kVA by 0.001 to change over to MVA.5 MVA = 5000 KVA

Transformer Voltage Ratings. A power transformeris an electric device that is used to step up or step down the voltage level of its supply source. The stepping up or down depends upon the number of turns of primary and secondary winding- Transformers have two windings, being the primary winding and the secondary winding. The primary winding is the coil that draws power from the source. The secondary winding is the coil that delivers the energy at the transformed or changed voltage to the load. If the number of turns on both the windings is the same, and the losses of the transformer are negligible, we may conclude that the voltage across each of the windings is the same. In this case, the transformer is just utilized in isolating two electrical circuits. Generally, a power transformer is used in stepping up the voltage of the supply to decrease the transmission losses, and then stepping down is done for the distribution purpose at the load centers. Power Transformers are larger size devices that transfer the energy to the public electricity supply or the substation.Power Transformers are used in transmission networks so they do not directly connect to the consumers, thereby reducing load fluctuations. They are used in transmission networks of higher voltages for step-up and step-down applications (400 kV, 200 kV, 110 Supplies.Transformer Voltage RatingsA power transformeris an electric device that is used to step up or step down the voltage level of its supply source. The stepping up or down depends upon the number of turns of primary and secondary winding- Transformers have two windings, being the primary winding and the secondary winding. The primary winding is the coil that draws power from the source. The secondary winding is the coil that delivers the energy at the transformed or changed voltage to the load. If the number of turns on both the windings is the same, and the losses of the transformer are negligible, we may conclude that the voltage across each of the windings is the same. In this case, the transformer is just utilized in isolating two electrical circuits. Generally, a power transformer is used in stepping up the voltage of the supply to decrease the transmission losses, and then stepping down is done for the distribution purpose at the load centers. Power Transformers are larger size devices that transfer the energy to the public electricity supply or the substation.Power Transformers are used in transmission networks so they do not directly connect to the consumers, thereby reducing load fluctuations. They are used in transmission networks of higher voltages for step-up and step-down applications (400 kV, 200 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV, 33kV) and are generally rated above 200MVA. They are used for transmission purposes at heavy load, a high voltage greater than 33 kV & 100% efficiency. It also has a big size as compared to a distribution transformer. It is used in generating stations and transmission substations with high insulation levels. Average loads are about only 75 percent of full load and these are designed in such a way that max efficiency occurs at 75 percent of full load. A power transformer is, in fact, a bridge between the power generator and the primary distribution grid. Based on specifications and ratings, a power transformer can be divided into three categories –1) Small Power Transformer2) Medium Power Transformer3) Large Power TransformerThe main use of this device is to convert the low voltage high current to a high voltage low current.In Power Transformer Voltage Ratings, Engineers rate power transformers according to the maximum output voltage and current they deliver. For a given unit, we’ll often read or hear about the volt-ampere (VA) capacity, which equals the product of the nominal output voltage and maximum deliverable current. A transformer with 12 V output, capable of providing up to 10 A of current, has a VA capacity of 12 V x 10 A, or 120 VA. The nature of power-supply filtering makes it necessary for the power-transformer VA rating to significantly exceed the actual power in watts that the load consumes.A high-quality, rugged power transformer, capable of providing the necessary currents and/or voltages, constitutes an integral and critical part of a well-engineered power supply. The transformer is usually the most expensive power-supply component to replace if it burns out, so engineers always choose the appropriate transformer ratings when designing and building a power supply.When a transformer is to be used in a circuit, the voltage, current, and power-handling capabilities of the primary and secondary windings must be taken into consideration. When nominal values of voltage, current, and power are specified, they represent the middle point of the respective maximum and minimum rated values. The maximum voltage that can safely be applied to any winding is determined by the type and thickness of the insulation used. When a better (and thicker) insulation is used between the windings, a higher maximum voltage can be applied to the windings.Transformers that are used at the generating station to step up generated voltage are normally referred to as power transformers. These transformers are usually rated above 500kVA and are present between the generator and the distribution circuits. These transformers are also known as step-up transformers. Their construction varies with rating and installation locations. For outdoor use, they are usually oil-immersed whereas power transformers intended for indoor use are primarily dry type.Kilovolt-Ampere kVA is the rating normally used to rate a transformer. The size of a transformer is determined by the kVA of the load. In many circumstances, the power required by the load is equivalent to the rating of the transformer expressed in either VA or kVA. transformeris an electric device that is used to step up or step down the voltage level of its supply source. The stepping up or down depends upon the number of turns of primary and secondary winding- Transformers have two windings, being the primary winding and the secondary winding. The primary winding is the coil that draws power from the source. The secondary winding is the coil that delivers the energy at the transformed or changed voltage to the load. If the number of turns on both the windings is the same, and the losses of the transformer are negligible, we may conclude that the voltage across each of the windings is the same. In this case, the transformer is just utilized in isolating two electrical circuits. Generally, a power transformer is used in stepping up the voltage of the supply to decrease the transmission losses, and then stepping down is done for the distribution purpose at the load centers. Power Transformers are larger size devices that transfer the energy to the public electricity supply or the substation.Power Transformers are used in transmission networks so they do not directly connect to the consumers, thereby reducing load fluctuations. They are used in transmission networks of higher voltages for step-up and step-down applications (400 kV, 200 kV, 110 kV, 66 kV, 33kV) and are generally rated above 200MVA. They are used for transmission purposes at heavy load, a high voltage greater than 33 kV & 100% efficiency. It also has a big size as compared to a distribution transformer. It is used in generating stations and transmission substations with high insulation levels. Average loads are about only 75 percent of full load and these are designed in such a way that max efficiency occurs at 75 percent of full load. A power transformer is, in fact, a bridge between the power generator and the primary distribution grid. Based on specifications and ratings, a power transformer can be divided into three categories –1) Small Power Transformer2) Medium Power Transformer3) Large Power TransformerThe main use of this device is to convert the low voltage high current to a high voltage low current.In Power Transformer Voltage Ratings, Engineers rate power transformers according to the maximum output voltage and current they deliver. For a given unit, we’ll often read or hear about the volt-ampere (VA) capacity, which equals the product of the nominal output voltage and maximum deliverable current. A transformer with 12 V output, capable of providing up to 10 A of current, has a VA capacity of 12 V x 10 A, or 120 VA. The nature of power-supply filtering makes it necessary for the power-transformer VA rating to significantly exceed the actual power in watts that the load consumes.A high-quality, rugged power transformer, capable of providing the necessary currents and/or voltages, constitutes an integral and critical part of a well-engineered power supply. The transformer is usually the most expensive power-supply component to replace if it burns out, so engineers always choose the appropriate transformer ratings when designing and building a power supply.When a transformer is to be used in a circuit, the voltage, current, and power-handling capabilities of the primary and secondary windings must be taken into consideration. When nominal values of voltage, current, and power are specified, they represent the middle point of the respective maximum and minimum rated values. The maximum voltage that can safely be applied to any winding is determined by the type and thickness of the insulation used. When a better (and thicker) insulation is used between the windings, a higher maximum voltage can be applied to the windings.Transformers that are used at the generating station to step up generated voltage are normally referred to as power transformers. These transformers are usually rated above 500kVA and are present between the generator and the distribution circuits. These transformers are also known as step-up transformers. Their construction varies with rating and installation locations. For outdoor use, they are usually oil-immersed whereas power transformers intended for indoor use are primarily dry type.Kilovolt-Ampere kVA is the rating normally used to rate a transformer. The size of a transformer is determined by the kVA of the load. In many circumstances, the power required by the load is equivalent to the rating of the transformer expressed in either VA or kVA. For example, a 1KW (1000 Watts) load would require a 1kVA transformer at unity power factor. Depending on the kVA rating, power transformers are classified into;Small power transformers: 500 to 7500kVAMedium power transformers: 7500kVA to 100MVALarge power transformers: above 100MVAMedium and large power transformers are equipped with added arrangements for cooling, tap changing arrangements, and Buchholz relay for internal fault protection. In addition to that, an oil conservator tank also presents all power transformers.Power transformer at the end of the secondary transmission, makes 132 kV voltage level steps down to 33 kV or 11 kV as per requirement. From this point, the primary distribution of power starts to distribute power to different distribution stations. At the end of the primary distribution, the distribution stations receive this power and step down this voltage level of 11 kV or 33 kV to 415 V (Line Voltage). From these distribution stations to consumer ends

Transformer

The NEC requires that transformers be installed in a manner which does not block or obstruct openings that are designed for cooling purposes. In addition, transformers are required to be marked with a minimum distance or clearance from walls or other obstructions to facilitate the dissipation of heat. Methods used to remove the heat caused…

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Motor

Menu Contact What is an electric motor? 9 Electric motors are devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, usually in the form of rotational motion. In simple terms, they are devices that use electric power to generate motive power. Not only do electric motors provide a simple and efficient means of generating high levels…

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Difference between MPCB and MCCB

Difference between MPCB and MCCB ..MPCB stands for Motor Protection Circuit Breaker. MCCB stands for Molded Case Circuit Breaker. MPCB is used to manually turn ON/OFF an electric motor and to provide protection to the motor in case of fault. MCCB is used for switching and protection of distribution circuits and electric motors.

Siemens India

3. Siemens India is placed at third position and has global presence. Company has head office in Mumbai and has 21 manufacturing plants located in different parts of company. Company has huge research and development team that works on innovative technology that uses in transformer manufacturing. Establishment – 1867 Website – http://www.siemens.co.in Address – 130,…

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This is a general guideline for home wiring. The whole content is written for single-phase, 230V AC system.All loads are categorized into two types:Light load: This includes light, fan, 6A sockets etc. Usually 1–1.5 sq. mm insulated copper wire is used for light loads. In most cases, 0.75 sq. mm is sufficient but a thicker wire allows a higher rating fuse (6A for 0.75 mm vs 10A for 1 sq. mm).Power load: Air conditioner, heater, geyser etc. fall under this category. For current up to 15A, 2.5 sq. mm copper wire is used. If the current is greater than 15A, then 4 sq. mm should be used. Also for safety reasons, wires are chosen to carry at least 1.5 times the load current.Note: For 1 ton (~5A) and 1.5 ton (~8A) AC, use 2.5 sq. mm copper cables from the distribution box to the final location of the AC. For 2 ton AC (~10A) use 4 sq. mm cables.Mains wires: This is the incomer of the distribution box. This section is of significant length in most apartments and carries all the power. Thick conductors should be used to minimise voltage drop and longer life of the conductors. Do not use separate conductors for different loads (Yes, some people do it) as it leads to one pair being extensively used while the other is sitting idle. This ultimately causes power loss in the heavily used wires and reduces the life of the cables. Use only one pair of insulated copper wires (6–16 sq. mm, depending on the total current) as the incomer of the distribution box. Use the next bigger size wire if the installation length is more than 30m.For 1 BHK apartment (1ac, geyser, fridge etc.) 6 sq. mm mains cable should be sufficient. For 2–3 BHK apartment (upto 3 ac, geyser, fridge etc.) or houses, 10 sq. mm mains cables must be used.Earthing wire: According to international standards (IEC 60364) the earth wire must be of the same size of the power wire, up to 16 sq. mm. For wires bigger than 16 sq. mm and lower than 35 sq. mm, the earth wire must be 16 sq. mm.One big mistake many electricians do in India is they use 0.75 or 1 sq. mm earthing wire with 4–6 sq. mm line/neutral. This is not a safe practice. If a ground fault occurs, huge current would flow through the earth wire. This could melt the insulation and damage the other wires too. There would also be a huge voltage drop along the earth wire which might create a shock hazard.Use same size or one size smaller green wire for earthing. For example, use 6 or 4 sq. mm earth with 6 sq. mm L/N. One size smaller is permitted in some places and found to be safe.MCB: MCBs are used to protect the circuit from short circuits and overcurrents. MCBs should be matched to the current capacity of the wires. The main wires should be protected by a DP (not an SPN) MCB which must lie between the meter board and mainline. Double pole will provide protection in case the phase and neutral get reversed. Along with the MCB, a 32/63A fuse box is recommended for added safety in case the breaker fails.An isolator should be installed in the distribution box followed by an ELCB/RCCB (which is now mandatory in some cities). Single pole MCBs must be used for individual rooms and ACs. If you want to use DP MCBs for air conditioners, you can use ‘mini DP MCB’ with the socket. This will be much more convenient as well as save space in the distribution boxIn regard to your 2nd question, I have attached a current rating chart for cables.