If anyone want to mount their pen drives or USB drives using console command,
can run following commands:

Following command will list all the devices attached.Attach pendrive in the port now and wait for 15 secs
Again check the change by same command.

$ ls /dev

suppose you find sdc and sdc1
Run Following commands one by one.

$ ls /mnt
$ mkdir /mnt/usb

It will create a New folder usb in /mnt directory

$ mount -t auto /dev/sdc1 /mnt/usb
$ ls /mnt/usb

It will list all the files present in USB drive
Copy data to and from the drive and computer
After all , Run following to save data:

$ umount /mnt/usb

WHAT IS MAKEFILE?

As you begin to work on larger projects you will find it necessary to have a means to organize the compilation of your source code. Having to compile multiple files from the command line can become a tedious and time consuming task. The GNU Make program will make this process much easier to deal with. If you have ever compiled or installed software on your linux system the chances are you have run ‘make’ to compile it for you.
When you run ‘make’ it looks for a file named ‘Makefile’, this file holds a set of rules for compiling the project. The files you are compiling are automatically examined to detect changes, if a change has been made or a certain file is not present it will be compiled, otherwise it ll be left unchanged. This is very useful when you start making very small changes to a large program, you only need to recompile the files you made changes too and then link them together.
This  will go over the basic steps for creating your own Makefiles and getting a handle on compiling your multifile projects.

HOW TO MAKE MAKEFILE AND HOW TO RUN?

I saved the above program with the name main.cpp

to compile this you have to create a “makefile” in the same folder and name it as “makefile”(without quotes).

and paste the below code in that makefile.

CXX := g++

all: main

clean:
      $(EXECUTABLE) *.o

make

./main

you will get the require output.

Its very easy to create a blog on WordPress.
There are two methods for creating blog:

1) By installing wordpress on Localhost.
2) By Using Web

Here are few steps below for creating a new blog using the second method:

STEP 1 : Sign Up for a Free WordPress Account

Visit the WordPress home page (i.e. http://wordpress.com) and select the ‘Sign Up’ button to register for a WordPress account. You’ll need a valid email address (that has not been used to create another WordPress account) to sign up for a new WordPress account.

STEP 1

STEP 2 : Enter Information to Create Your Free WordPress Account

To sign up for a WordPress account, you’ll be prompted to enter a username and password of your choosing. You’ll also be asked to confirm that you’ve read the terms and conditions of the WordPress website. Finally, you’ll be asked whether you want to create a blog or simply a WordPress account. If you want to start a blog, make sure the box next to ‘Gimme a Blog!’ is checked.

STEP 2

STEP 3 : Enter Information to Create Your New WordPress Blog

To create your WordPress blog, you’ll need to enter the text you want displayed in your domain name. Free WordPress blogs always end with ‘.wordpress.com’, so the name you choose for users to type into their Internet browsers to find your blog will always be followed by that extension. You will also have to decide on the name for your blog and enter that name in the space provided to create your blog. While the domain name you choose cannot be changed later, the blog name you select at this stage can be edited later.

You will also have an opportunity to select the language for your blog in this step as well as decide whether you want your blog to be private or public. By selecting public, your blog will be included in search listings on sites such as Google and Technorati.

STEP 3

STEP 4 : Congratulations – Your Account is Active!

Once you have successfully completed the ‘Create Your Blog’ step, you’ll see a screen that tells you your WordPress account is active and to look for an email confirming your login information.

STEP 5 : An Overview of Your WordPress User Dashboard

When you log into your newly created WordPress blog, you’ll be taken to your user dashboard. From here, you can change your blog’s theme (design), write posts and pages, add users, revise your own user profile, update your blogroll, and more. Take some time to explore your WordPress dashboard, and don’t be afraid to test out the various tools and features available to you to help customize your blog. If you have any problems, click on the ‘Support’ tab in the upper right corner of your screen. This will take you to the online help section of WordPress as well as the active user forums where you can ask questions.

STEP 5

STEP 6 : An Overview of Your WordPress Dashboard Toolbar

The WordPress dashboard toolbar will help you navigate through your blog’s administration pages to do everything from writing posts and moderating comments to modifying your blog’s themes and customizing your sidebars. Take some time to press all the tabs on your dashboard’s toolbar and explore the pages you find to learn all the cool things you can do in WordPress!

STEP 6

STEP 7 : Choosing a theme

One of the best features of starting a free WordPress blog is making it your own with the various free templates and themes available right through your WordPress dashboard. Just click on the ‘Presentation’ tab on your dashboard toolbar. Then select ‘Themes’ to see the various designs you can choose from. You can try several different themes to see which one works best for your blog.

Different themes offer different levels of customization. For example, some themes allow you to upload a custom header for your blog, and each theme offers various widgets you can select from to use in your sidebar. Have fun experimenting with the different options available to you.

STEP 7

STEP 8 : An Overview of WordPress Widgets and Sidebars

WordPress provides a variety of ways to customize your blog’s sidebars through the use of widgets. You can find the ‘Widgets’ tab under the ‘Presentation’ tab of your main WordPress dashboard toolbar. You can use widgets to add RSS tools, search tools, text boxes for ads and more. Explore the widgets available in the WordPress dashboard and find the ones that enhance your blog the best.

STEP 8

STEP 9 : You’re Ready to Write Your First WordPress Blog Post

Once you’ve taken the time to familiarize yourself with the WordPress dashboard and user environment and customized your blog’s appearance and functionality, it’s time to write your first post. Enter the title and text for your post, and select the ‘Publish’ icon to kickoff your blog!

STEP 9

More you Explore, More you will be able to Know 🙂

Feel free to post your problems here in comments

My first Work Experience was with the Genesis Website commitee, in which we need to design the website for the ‘GENESIS’ which is actually a cultural-cum-tech fest,which was on March 22 this year, organized by our college ‘ Guru Nanak Dev Engg College,Ludhiana‘.

Our Chairman of this website committee ‘Dr. H.S. Rai‘ first announced it a few days before the Genesis about the registration criteria for the committee, which I did eventually, involves handing out online CV’s and then interviews,much like you would be looking for a real work. With the selection of total 14 of my mates from the same college , Yes, I also got this opportunity. 🙂 We started our work the very next day of our interview ,as the days were very less.

This meant that the college made me to work endlessly  for the coming few days when every one else in my class (specially) was enjoying. If I had to some up my first day in one word, it would be “grim”. So at the beginning of the first day (on Sunday, 18th March) I was just sitting around waiting to be told what to do. Eventually, the team and the team leader  assign me the work of landing page, May be because I am having Good aesthetic sense.We were 5-6 people who were working upon the same Landing Page.
I don’t know ,whether I was right or not in my point of view,

It was literally mind numbing. I am having a philosophy of work and that is

“Two is a company,Three is a crowd”

So I couldn’t be able to give my ideas which I was having in my mind. I separately started the work , Harnoor and Manil helped me with my ideas.

(I know I did wrong, But at least the output of my thoughts was there on the screen).

On that very day ,I was having plan to go out of city, But the work ,the tension and the burden to make the website in just one day pissed me completely off. I canceled my trip of going to jalandhar. 😦 And I  missed the chance. I was waiting for the day from 4-5 months,as I was missing my Pet “Scooby” badly, and Scooby is in Jalandhar, So we all were going to meet him.

Work of 2 hours felt like 2 days. We all were so very hungry that we ordered. “Dominos Pizzas”. Thanks to the Dominos, that they arrived on time.

Now this was the first time I had worked like that,the Landing Page was ready to some extent.  I was quite scared, What my fellow members will think of me that I was not working with them but managed to make a saperate landing page , I was having guilt.But I also had a reserved sense of pride that somehow I was able to design such a thing.

I got home late and my mum was not there, and I make my dinner myself 😦
This was another bad thing happened with me.
(If I can quickly explain, I hate cooking when I am tired and having lots of other burdens too )

I worked till 2.30 am that night. And You just can’t imagine, The day was totally a mess,too very exhausted.

The next day was Monday,and I even can’t think of bunking the lectures, my attendance was already on the bottom line. Otherwise The teacher would have screwed me up. But I was having a responsibility too of Genesis website, being a member. Don’t Know Why I personally took  such a high pain of Genesis Website when there were also 13 other members. May be this is in my nature. I like to do work myself in my own way ,if I am willing to do.
As my Landing page was ready,but was just needed an approval to modify. So I took another work , collecting the data about the various events.

I was expecting my teachers to be at least a little lenient with me, So I requested, but nobody bothers. I bunked my lectures and collected the data and started work as per Vigas’s instructions.

Fortunately, my parents were understanding, They allowed me to work till late nights those days. And even they understand my late comings to home in the evening. My mother was not well,still she managed to give me freshly cooked food with the hot chapaties Whenever I feel like hungry. Thank you to muma.
Thank you to my papa too ,as he managed to live without internet for those few days ,as the desktop PC was not working,and I was having no time to look into the matter. 🙂

So I finished the week’s work. The website was up!

The link is ” http://genesis.gndec.ac.in”

I was nervous but on the whole really grateful and relieved to be getting away from this exhausted work. This week was pretty good actually. The guys,The whole team , and even the Chairman there treated me very well and I formed a tentative and temporary friendship with some of them working with me.

I am really Very Happy that I got This very opportunity.

So that was my taste of Work Experience first time around. It was technically not work experience, but work shadowing.

Thanks To all. 🙂

Introduction to CGI

The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) is a method used by web servers to run external programs
(known as CGI scripts), most often to generate web content dynamically. Whenever a web page queries
a database, or a user submits a form, a CGI script is usually called upon to do the work.

CGI is simply a specification, which defines a standard way for web servers to run CGI scripts and for
those programs to send their results back to the server. The job of the CGI script is to read information
that the browser has sent (via the server) and to generate some form of valid response usually (but not
always) visible content. Once it has completed its task, the CGI script finishes and exits.

Perl is a very popular language for CGI scripting thanks to its unrivalled text-handling abilities, easy
scripting, and relative speed. It is probably true to say that a large part of Perl’s current popularity is due
to its success in dynamic web page generation.

HOW TO START WORKING ON CGI?

Firstly check it out ,if you are a LINUX user,whether you have

/usr/lib/cgi-bin

folder or not..

if you have

then form a basic HTML FORM first

<html>

<body>

<form action="http://localhost/cgi-bin/script" method="post">

First name:<input type="text" name="first name"  /></br>
last name  :<input type="text" name="last name"  /></br>

<input type="submit" value="submit" align="center"/>

</form>

</body>

</html>

This is your HTML form in which you have connected your submit button with cgi script

Save your this document as form.html in /var/www/ folder

CGI SCRIPT

#!/bin/sh
echo Content-type: text/html
echo
echo 'CGI script'
./a.out

save this cgi script as ‘script‘

and now make a C++ program and give it a name like ‘filename.cpp‘

C++ program would be like

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{

cout<< "HELLO";

cout<<"welcome to this page";

cout<<"thanks for filling the form"
return 0;

}

place both the script and filename.cpp in /usr/lib/cgi-bin

NOTE:- You cant directly paste the files in this folder, so need to use command

gksudo nautilus

or Use Sudo

then you can paste your files easily..

Compile the C++ program and place the output in the same folder i.e. usr/lib/cgi-bin

Then clicking on your HTML form,and hitting the submit button.you will get your desire output.

TRY NOW

C++ and MySQL both are very powerfull. And there combination makes a killer application.

Check below If you want to Connect your MYSQL Database with C++ programs On a Linux Machine.

If you are a user of Linux and G++ compiler,then to connect MYSQL with C++,You need to install two additional packages i.e. ‘libmysql++’ and ‘libmysql++-dev‘ (without quotes)

To install these packages ,open terminal and type

"sudo apt-get install libmysql++"
"sudo apt-get install libmysql++-dev"

 
remember to write these commands without quotes.

——————————————————————————————————————————————————-after installing your packages,

make a program of C++

here is an example

#include <iostream>
#include <mysql.h>
using namespace std;
MYSQL *connection, mysql;
MYSQL_RES *result;
MYSQL_ROW row;
int query_state;
int main() {
return 0;
}

https://sandeepghai.wordpress.com/2011/06/04/c-in-linux/
————————————————————————————————————————————————–

g++ -o test test.cpp -L/usr/include/mysql 
-lmysqlclient -I/usr/include/mysql

#include<iostream>
#include<mysql.h>
#include<stdio.h>
using namespace std;
#define SERVER "HOST"
#define USER "USR"
#define PASSWORD "PSWD"
#define DATABASE "example"
int main()
{
MYSQL *connect;
connect=mysql_init(NULL);
if (!connect)
{
cout<<"MySQL Initialization failed";
return 1;
}
connect=mysql_real_connect(connect, "HOST", "USERNAME", "PASSWORD" , 
"example" ,0,NULL,0);
if (connect)
{
cout<<"connection Succeeded\n";
}
else
{
cout<<"connection failed\n";
}
MYSQL_RES *res_set;
MYSQL_ROW row;
mysql_query (connect,"select * from example;");
unsigned int i =0;
res_set = mysql_store_result(connect);
unsigned int numrows = mysql_num_rows(res_set);
while (((row= mysql_fetch_row(res_set)) !=NULL ))
{ //cout<<" %s\n",row[i] !=NULL?row[i] : "NULL";

 cout <<"\t | \t" << row[i] << "\t | \t";
 cout <<  row[i+1] <<  "\t |"<< endl;
}
mysql_close (connect);
return 0;
}

Note:- Remember,you have to mention your own server,username and password there.

and while mentioning your details in the body of program, mention them using double quotes.

————————————————————————————————————————————————-

How to compile:-

I saved the above program as main.cpp

. so to execute and compiling it,you need to mention the following commands in terminal

g++ -o main main.cpp -L/usr/include/mysql
 -lmysqlclient -I/usr/include/mysql

————————————————————————————————————————————————-

Now you can see your table created.

Your Output will be like this

connection Succeeded    

|     1     |     SANDEEP GHAI     |

   |     2     |      ghai                        |

———————————————————————————————————————————————–

————————————————————————————————————————————————

You can even compile the above program using MAKEFILE METHOD.

Refer : https://sandeepghai.wordpress.com/2012/06/01/makefile/

Hope you are now able to connect your MYSQL database using C++

Give your feedback after reading this.

Thankyou.

1. Open Terminal.

2. Type mysql -u<username> -p

3. It will automatically prompt you to enter password.

4. When you enter your password a screen will show something to you like ‘welcome to MySQL monitor….’

5. Then write the following command.

mysql> CREATE DATABASE example;

output:-Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

you can enter any name of your database as I named here as EXAMPLE.

6. then enter command ,

mysql> USE example

output:-Database changed

7. Then you can start creating your tables under this database.

mysql> CREATE TABLE example(id INT,data VARCHAR(100));

output:- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

8. you can even see the table created by the folowing command

mysql> SHOW TABLES;
output:-

+——————-+
| Tables_in_example |
+——————-+
| example           |
+——————-+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
9. To check whole table ,you can use DESCRIBE command as follows

mysql> DESCRIBE example;
output:-   
+——-+————–+——+—–+———+——-+
| Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+——-+————–+——+—–+———+——-+
| id    | int(11)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
| data  | varchar(100) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
+——-+————–+——+—–+———+——-+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
10. To insert something in table ,type

mysql> INSERT INTO example(id,data) VALUES (1,”sandeep”);

output:- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.36 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO example(id,data) VALUES (2,”ghai”);

output:- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.36 sec)

11. To check the entries type the following command

mysql> SELECT * FROM example;
output:-

+——+———+
| id   | data       |
+——+———+
|    1 | sandeep |
|    2 | ghai       |
+——+———+
2 rows in set (0.33 sec)

12. Add third row again

mysql> INSERT INTO example (id,data) VALUES(3,”abc”);
output:- Query OK, 1 row affected (0.36 sec)

13. Again type the following command to see the change

mysql> SELECT * FROM example;
output:-
+——+———+
| id   | data    |
+——+———+
|    1 | sandeep |
|    2 | ghai |
|    3 | abc    |
+——+———+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

14. If you want to delete some row in your table, Use DELETE command like

mysql> DELETE FROM example WHERE id=3;
output :- Query OK, 1 row affected (1.51 sec)

15. To see the change

mysql> SELECT * FROM example;
output:–
+——+———+
| id   | data    |
+——+———+
|    1 | sandeep |
|    2 | ghai       |
+——+———+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

the third row has been deleted automatically.

16. If you want to update some row then,check out the commands

mysql> UPDATE example SET data=”SANDEEP GHAI” WHERE data=”sandeep”;

output:-

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

17. Again type

mysql> SELECT * FROM example;
output:-
+——+————–+
| id   | data         |
+——+————–+
|    1 | SANDEEP GHAI |
|    2 | ghai             |
+——+————–+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

18. To Delete the database created

mysql> DROP DATABASE example;
output:- Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.37 sec)

THESE ARE THE MOST COMMON COMMANDS ONE CAN USE WHILE CREATING DATABASE ON MYSQL.

CLICK BELOW TO CHECK THE COMMANDS IN TERMINAL.

mysql database-commands

Continue reading