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Monthly Archives: February 2013

THE STONES REFLECT THE ART (1937)

24 Sunday Feb 2013

Posted by Philip Battle in history, London

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1800's, 1937, 40, art, artist, arts, battle, beggar, beggars, begger, beggers, canvas, chalk, chalker, chalking, chalks, embankment, england, george, history, jeffery, london, news, newspaper, pavement, pavement art, paving, philip, publication, screever, screeving, social, stone, street, thames, uk, urban, urbancanvas, victorian, years

The story of George Jeffery: 40 years of screeving!

IN LONDON—Artist sketching artist on the Thames Embankment one blustering morning in winter was too much for the curiosity of the occasional riverside strollers, particularly as one of the artists happened to be chalking a series of colourful pictures on the stone flags.

And so large a crowd came to stare that George Jeffery, pavement artist, had an audience, such as he has rarely had since the days before trams, when Londoners walked and knew the pavements all too well. George Jeffery, you see has been painting pictures on the Embankment since 1897.

Anyone who cares to draw on the pavement in London may do so, provided he does not impede the progress of pedestrians. It is a right which has never been questioned. Pavement artistry is a traditional temporary occupation for many jobless men, and for numerous others it is a complete career.

The oldest established members of this fraternity of the sidewalk academy are “characters,” well known to Londoners. There is, for instance, the ‘Gallery Man’, who chalks on the stone flags at various points copies of famous pictures and inscribes besides each a neatly written potted history. And then, at Hyde Park Corner, there is a cheery fellow who intersperses his pictures with comic comment on the world at large.

Illustration of George Jeffery: as published in The Christian Science Monitor 1937

Illustration of George Jeffery: as published in The Christian Science Monitor 1937

But George Jeffery is the veteran of them all. Kneeling there on the Embankment he told how he had walked from Portsmouth to take up his career as a pavement artist and how that career had served him well enough to bring up three children. “There’s only mother and me at home now, and our granddaughter,” he said. “It’s difficult at this job nowadays, but we manage. But the children are doing well for themselves, Very well.”

He stared reflectively ahead of him, perhaps remembering his first clumsy efforts on the pavement, back before the beginning of the century, “I found out it’s not near so easy as it looks,” he declared, with a shake of his head, “not near so easy, I couldn’t do it at all to start with; had to start at the bottom, so to speak, with a herring on a plate. But I learnt from others and by observing. I reckon I always find how to do these pictures a bit better every day. You can always learn something new.”

His pictures were flowers and landscapes. He was rather sorry he had not done his “best work” that particular day. “You ought to see my Dartmoor, studies of the moors. I got a lovely heather colour, look.”  And he worked one of his chalks on the pavement. He makes all his own colours, baking thick slabs in “Mother’s oven, you know.”

George Jeffery reckons he makes out all right because he knows how to save. “I put a shilling by here and there, for the wet days.” The “rainy day” Is no mere metaphor to the pavement artist. It is a very real thing, and, in London, occurs rather too frequently. But George makes out, because, he says, he does not spend any money on drink. He tucks it away, “to surprise mother.”

And, so every day he sits on one heel, in the shadow of the Embankment making pictures on the stone paving. It takes two or three hours to get the work finished, and each evening the pavement must be scrubbed clean. That is all that the police ask of him, and he is very conscientious about it……

Published in the Christian Science Monitor: 27th November 1937

Researched and transcribed by Philip Battle

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The Talk of London (1924-1932)

22 Friday Feb 2013

Posted by Philip Battle in competition, history, London, press cuttings

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1932, art, artist, arts, award, battle, canvas, chalk, chalker, chalking, chalks, column, competition, daily, dragoman, england, express, gossip, history, london, news, newspaper, of, pavement, pavement art, paving, philip, prize, publication, screever, screeving, social, stone, street, talk, uk, urban, urbancanvas

Newspaper Gossip Column

The Talk of London was a popular Gossip column published every Saturday in the Daily Express during the 1920’s & 30’s, It was always signed The Dragoman. A “Dragoman” was an interpreter or guide.

Here I’ve gathered together a few stories from “The Talk of London” which gives a fascinating insight to the world of pavement artists during the 20’s & 30’s.

Talk of London Column heading 1924

Talk of London Column heading (1924)

Pavement Architecture

It is a curious thing that while most of London’s pavement artists work on identically similar and most conventional lines, they break out into remarkable originality when they do leave the beaten track.

There is one whose speciality is wood carving of a really high order, and yesterday I came across an elderly original who supplements his flagstone paintings by a beautifully executed model of a cottage complete with man and wife, well and bucket, crazy path, and hollyhocks.

From the fact that he labels it a “gamekeeper’s cottage,” I suspect a real-life tragedy connected with the breaking up of a great estate.

Published: Daily Express Sat. 5th April 1924

The King in Chalk

A PAVEMENT artist at work in Kingsway yesterday had copied Mr Charles Sims portrait of the King, which he described as “the most-discussed picture at this year’s Academy.” Considering that the work was done in chalks it was a creditable reproduction, although I doubt whether either the King or Mr Sims would have felt flattered. Passers-by paused to look, but I noticed few threw a copper into the hat.

Published: Daily Express Sat. 17th May 1924

Talk of London coloumn heading 1932

Talk of London coloumn heading (1932)

London’s First NEWSPAPER Pavement Art Competition!

No feature of London life is more characteristic and none more fascinating to visitors from overseas and the provinces than the pavement artists. Their displays are, in a true sense, the art galleries of the people. And in this cloudless weather they have the chance to perfect masterpieces which are not likely to be ruined by sudden showers.

I PROPOSE, therefore, to award a prize of £3.3s. for the best display of pavement art that I see between now and next Friday. There will be a second prize of £1.1s. I shall visit personally a number of “pitches”—without disclosing my identity—and shall take account only of pictures drawn directly on the pavement.

Published: Daily Express: Sat. 20th August 1932

W J Stubbs: Talk of the Town Pavement art competition winner 1932

W J Stubbs: Talk of London Pavement art competition winner 1932

Pavement Artist Competition: RESULTS!

ABOVE you see the pavement artist who has won my award of £3.3s. He is Mr W J Stubbs, who works under the shadow of the imposing statue of Lord Clyde in Waterloo-place. The second prize of £1.1s goes to Mr A Mannix, whose pitch is outside St. Stephen’s Church, Gloucester road. They will receive cheques.

It has been difficult to judge this competition, so high is the standard attained by most of the artists whose work I have inspected. A close runner-up for the second prize was the artist in College-crescent, Swiss Cottage, who has a lively humour and draws pound notes on the pavement so realistically that you instinctively stoop to pick them up.

MR MANNIX the second prize winner covers six entire paving stones with one large landscape—exquisitely done, with trees worthy of Corot and a building whose perspective is “primitive,” in the modern French manner.

BUT as soon as I saw Mr Stubbs display I knew that I had found my winner. He works entirely in black and white, and his compositions are all original—two facts which in themselves distinguish him from many pavement artists. Most of his pictures are studies from memory, of actual scenes in Essex and elsewhere. It takes him about two and a half days to complete his “gallery,” which is arranged with beautiful symmetry.

WORKS from his brush—for he paints on canvas too—hang in many famous houses and the Prime Minister and Mr Baldwin are among the people who take a friendly interest in him. I award him first prize without hesitation.

Published: Daily Express Sat. 27th August 1932

THE DRAGOMAN

Researched by Philip Battle

Read my related blog on WJ Stubbs: William John Stubbs (1927)

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PUNCH MAGAZINE (1908-1913)

15 Friday Feb 2013

Posted by Philip Battle in cartoons, London

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1908, 1913, art, artist, arts, battle, beggar, beggars, beggers, canvas, cartoon, chalk, chalker, chalking, chalks, charivari, ebenezer, england, henry, history, humour, landells, london, magazine, mayhew, newspaper, pavement, pavement art, paving, philip, publication, punch, satire, screever, screeving, social, stone, street, uk, urban, urbancanvas, weekly

Pavement Art as political metaphor

Punch, or the London Charivari was a British weekly magazine of humour and satire established in 1841 by Henry Mayhew and engraver Ebenezer Landells. Historically, it was most influential in the 1840s and 50s, when it helped to coin the term “cartoon” in its modern sense as a humorous illustration. It became a British institution, but after the 1940s, when its circulation peaked, it went into a long decline, finally closing in 1992. It was revived in 1996, but closed again in 2002.

These are a selection of cartoons published by Punch between Feb. 1908 & Dec. 1913

Punch Cartoon: 5th Feb 1908

Punch Cartoon: 5th Feb 1908

Punch Cartoon: 17th June 1908

Punch Cartoon: 17th June 1908

Punch Cartoon: 19th May 1909

Punch Cartoon: 19th May 1909

Punch Cartoon: 5th Jan 1910

Punch Cartoon: 5th Jan 1910

Punch Cartoon: 19th April 1911

Punch Cartoon: 19th April 1911

Punch Cartoon: 10th Dec 1913

Punch Cartoon: 10th Dec 1913

Above caption: Pavement Artist (on duty). “I can’t reckon it up. I draw a lot better ‘n you do an’ yet I don’t get ‘arf the money.”

Pavement Artist (off duty). “Yer subjicks is all wrong. Bits o’ salmon is out o’ date. I done tremenjus bisniss in the summer with ‘Obbs an’ Rufus Isicks, an’ now I’m runnin’ Bomb. Wells, Gaby and Larkin, an’ they’re goin’ good.”

You can find more Punch cartoons and background information on my accompanying blog: Punch Magazine (1872-1895)

Written and researched by Philip Battle

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The Magic Circle (Prehistory)

08 Friday Feb 2013

Posted by Philip Battle in history

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abbas, age, art, artist, arts, babies, battle, bronze, canvas, cave, cerne, chalk, chalker, chalking, chalks, circle, circles, england, fairy, giant, history, horse, long, magic, man, pavement, pavement art, paving, philip, pre-history, prehistoric, public, screever, screeving, social, stone, street, uffington, uk, urban, urbancanvas, wacca, white, wilmington

Chalk art before pavements

Stumbling upon an unguarded piece of pavement art produced by an unknown pavement artist can in itself be a magical experience. Especially on a street where you least expect it, and in your own neighbourhood.  The ephemeral nature of coloured chalks ability to produce beautiful art on the pavement, only for the rain to come and wash it all away, leaving barely a trace of what was.

Mankind has always had a fascination with coloured earths; some of the most beautiful prehistoric art has come down to us by sheer luck, through cave paintings, often shut off and isolated from interference for thousands of years.

Although we can’t be certain, it is thought that these drawings had story telling or magic properties never meant for preservation. Like pavement art, they lived in the moment of their creation. Archaeologists have even speculated over the nature of Celtic rock carvings and spirals, suggesting that these may have originated as magic markings and chalk lines drawn on the smooth trunks of trees to cast spells or mark out territorial boundaries. Indeed, the majority of prehistoric art has come to us by sheer luck rather than design.

In Britain, stories have persisted about chalk circles that were drawn around babies cots to prevent them being stolen by fairies. The circles were always drawn in a clock-wise pattern and were accompanied by spells and incantations! Fairies were regarded as evil spirits who would maliciously steal & replace babies with “FAIRY BABIES” otherwise known as Changelings.

Wacca 'Magic Circle'

Wicca ‘Magic Circle’

In the Wicca religion these where known as “Magic Circles” space marked out on the ground which it was generally believed will contain energy and form a sacred space, or will provide a form of magical protection, typically drawn in salt or chalk. The barrier is believed to be fragile, so that leaving or passing through the circle would weaken or dispel it. This is referred to as “breaking the circle”.

In England, some of the earliest examples of prehistoric ‘public art’ still exist, manly carved into the chalk downs of the southern counties of Wiltshire and Dorset. The public nature of landscape art suggests that it was intended for a wide audience

The giant drawings where created by cutting deep trenches into hillsides, revealing the underlying rock, which was in most cases, white chalk. There are a few such drawings in Scotland, but by far the greatest numbers are found in England, specifically on the chalk downs in the south.

The Uffington Horse (Bronze Age origins)

The Uffington Horse (Bronze Age origins)

The bronze-age Uffington Horse is said to date back some 3,000 years, and is still very visible on the slopes of White Horse Hill in the parish of Uffington. It is one of England’s most famous prehistoric monuments, and has inspired a number of poems and stories, appearing in works by G.K. Chesterton, Rosemary Sutcliff, and Terry Pratchett, amongst others.

The Cerns Abbas Giant

The Cerne Abbas Giant

The Cerne Abbas Giant (unknown origins) is also known as the Rude Man or Rude Giant, which was cut into a hillside near the village of Cerne Abbas in Dorset, is not only naked but is depicted with a very large and obvious erection.

The Long Man of Wilmington

The Long Man of Wilmington

The Long Man of Wilmington, (unknown origins) is the only other known human figure in chalk form. The Long Man is carved into the slopes of Windover Hill in Wilmington, East Sussex, is thought to be of possible 16th century origin, although scholars aren’t really sure.

The true purpose of these ‘chalk drawings’ is lost in the mists of time. It’s a bit like stumbling upon a piece of pavement art and wondering who the artist was and what motivated him or her to take to the streets.

It’s a magic mystery my friends!

Written and researched by Philip Battle

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